{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:11:12Z","timestamp":1789017072947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus), a traditional Chinese medicine, has gained increasing recognition for its potential in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review aims to systematically integrate the mechanisms of action of A. membranaceus and its bioactive compounds on CNS diseases, with a focus on exploring its therapeutic potential and introducing related health food products. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Web of Science from January 2015 through July 2025. Our analysis reveals that A. membranaceus and its bioactive compounds, particularly A. membranaceus IV (AS-IV) and A. membranaceus polysaccharides (APS), exert multifaceted neuroprotective effects. These effects encompass the mitigation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulation of autophagy and protection of the blood\u2013brain barrier. The therapeutic potential of A. membranaceus is linked to the modulation of key signaling pathways, such as NF-\u03baB, Nrf2, and PI3K\/Akt. Furthermore, based on the concept of \u201chomology of medicine and food,\u201d A. membranaceus is being developed into various health food formulations, offering a promising strategy for the adjuvant treatment and preventive care of CNS diseases. In conclusion, A. membranaceus represents a promising, multi-target pharmacological agent for CNS disorders, yet further high-quality clinical studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15121671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Astragalus membranaceus in Central Nervous System Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Sang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haolu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1723-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"20","author":"Feigin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000524208","article-title":"Trends in Prevalence Cases and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"56","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, R., Guo, Y., Fu, Y., Ren, H., Wang, H., Yan, H., and Ge, Y. 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