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Larvae are particularly suited for studying peripheral nervous system disorders, such as Charcot\u2013Marie\u2013Tooth and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, while adults enable investigations of higher-order cognitive functions and age-related conditions, including Parkinson\u2019s disease and depression-like behaviours. Combining larval and adult models offers a complementary framework to dissect the biomolecular pathways of neurological disorders and accelerate preclinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15121677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1764665362000},"page":"1677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modelling Neural Disorders with the D. melanogaster Larval Peripheral and Adult Dopaminergic Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tendero-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (CSIC-UMH), 03550 Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (CSIC-UMH), 03550 Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Aguilar-Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (CSIC-UMH), 03550 Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Disorders Affecting the Nervous System, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"23","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12487","article-title":"Animal Models in Neuroscience with Alternative Approaches: Evolutionary, Biomedical, and Ethical Perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Neziri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. 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