{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T05:16:19Z","timestamp":1765689379055,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VA Merit","award":["VA1 I01 BX006280-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA1 I01 BX006280-02"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1R01CA269866-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01CA269866-01A1"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 CA267893-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA267893-01A1"]}]},{"name":"Epigenetics, DNA Repair and Genomics","award":["T32CA279363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA279363"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that serves as a nuclear and cytoplasmic scaffolding protein. PELP1 plays a critical role in nuclear receptor signaling, ribosome biogenesis, chromatin modifications, cell cycle progression, non-genomic signaling, and DNA damage response. PELP1 expression is upregulated in a variety of cancers, including breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate, and liver cancers and serves as a prognostic factor for poor survival. PELP1\u2019s structural motifs, unique scaffolding function, and oncogenic activity make it a potential target for a range of therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent advancements in PELP1 biology, with a particular focus on the emergent oncogenic functions of PELP1 and its inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15121729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T09:37:48Z","timestamp":1765532268000},"page":"1729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The PELP1 Pathway and Its Importance in Cancer Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Khaled Mohamed","family":"Nassar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panneerdoss","family":"Subbarayalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greehey Children\u2019s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suryavathi","family":"Viswanadhapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ratna K.","family":"Vadlamudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"},{"name":"Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1210\/ME.2015-1049","article-title":"Minireview: Deciphering the Cellular Functions of PELP1","volume":"29","author":"Ravindranathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5505","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3647","article-title":"Oncogenic potential of the nuclear receptor coregulator proline-, glutamic acid-, leucine-rich protein 1\/modulator of the nongenomic actions of the estrogen receptor","volume":"67","author":"Rajhans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0269","article-title":"Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1\/modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor enhances androgen receptor functions through LIM-only coactivator, four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 2","volume":"21","author":"Nair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516729112","article-title":"Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 mediates estrogen rapid signaling and neuroprotection in the brain","volume":"112","author":"Sareddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, X.-Y., Liao, N.-Q., He, Z.-H., and Chen, Q.-F. (2024). Identification of ribosome biogenesis genes and subgroups in ischaemic stroke. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1449158"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadw4603","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw4603","article-title":"PELP1 coordinates the modular assembly and enzymatic activity of the rixosome complex","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.37349\/etat.2021.00052","article-title":"Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer","volume":"2","author":"Altwegg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Explor. Target. Anti-tumor Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-24-0173","article-title":"PELP1 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Nassar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7156","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1121","article-title":"Changes in androgen receptor nongenotropic signaling correlate with transition of LNCaP cells to androgen independence","volume":"64","author":"Unni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0335","article-title":"Characterization of the interactions of estrogen receptor and MNAR in the activation of cSrc","volume":"18","author":"Barletta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.03.017","article-title":"PELP1: Structure, biological function and clinical significance","volume":"585","author":"Sareddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38272","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103783200","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of PELP1, a novel human coregulator of estrogen receptor alpha","volume":"276","author":"Vadlamudi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonugunta, V.K., Nair, B.C., Rajhans, R., Sareddy, G.R., Nair, S.S., and Vadlamudi, R.K. (2011). Regulation of rDNA transcription by proto-oncogene PELP1. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021095"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2013.12.012","article-title":"PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing via PRMT6","volume":"8","author":"Mann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0628","article-title":"Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation plays a critical role in the oncogenic functions of PELP1","volume":"70","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-2030","article-title":"Growth factor regulation of estrogen receptor coregulator PELP1 functions via Protein Kinase A pathway","volume":"6","author":"Nagpal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3339-x","article-title":"Novel role of PELP1 in regulating chemotherapy response in mutant p53-expressing triple negative breast cancer cells","volume":"150","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.4161\/nucl.2.6.17604","article-title":"SUMO routes ribosome maturation","volume":"2","author":"Finkbeiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09800-y","article-title":"Vps11 and Vps18 of Vps-C membrane traffic complexes are E3 ubiquitin ligases and fine-tune signalling","volume":"10","author":"Segala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4024","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-4444","article-title":"Involvement of the tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family member 4 polyglutamylase in PELP1 polyglutamylation and chromatin remodeling in pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"70","author":"Kashiwaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193523","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/193523","article-title":"PELP1 suppression inhibits colorectal cancer through c-Src downregulation","volume":"2014","author":"Ning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.55","article-title":"Proline, glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein-1 is essential for optimal p53-mediated DNA damage response","volume":"21","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6130","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0909","article-title":"Deregulation of estrogen receptor coactivator proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1\/modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor in human endometrial tumors","volume":"89","author":"Vadlamudi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2912","article-title":"Peptidomimetic targeting of critical androgen receptor-coregulator interactions in prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Ravindranathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.579","article-title":"Progesterone receptor-B enhances estrogen responsiveness of breast cancer cells via scaffolding PELP1- and estrogen receptor-containing transcription complexes","volume":"34","author":"Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1047","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90429.2008","article-title":"MNAR functionally interacts with both NH2- and COOH-terminal GR domains to modulate transactivation","volume":"295","author":"Kayahara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0350","article-title":"Modulation of in situ estrogen synthesis by proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1: Potential estrogen receptor autocrine signaling loop in breast cancer cells","volume":"22","author":"Rajhans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15394","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M601593200","article-title":"9-cis-retinoic acid up-regulates expression of transcriptional coregulator PELP1, a novel coactivator of the retinoid X receptor alpha pathway","volume":"281","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50930","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406831200","article-title":"The transcriptional corepressor, PELP1, recruits HDAC2 and masks histones using two separate domains","volume":"279","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5571","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-4664","article-title":"Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 is essential in growth factor regulation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 activation","volume":"65","author":"Manavathi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.07.031","article-title":"PELP1: A review of PELP1 interactions, signaling, and biology","volume":"382","author":"Girard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7724","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0614","article-title":"Functional implications of altered subcellular localization of PELP1 in breast cancer cells","volume":"65","author":"Vadlamudi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-3834","article-title":"Extranuclear functions of ER impact invasive migration and metastasis by breast cancer cells","volume":"70","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12484","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12484","article-title":"PELP1: A key mediator of oestrogen signalling and actions in the brain","volume":"30","author":"Thakkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-022-01520-4","article-title":"SETDB1 interactions with PELP1 contributes to breast cancer endocrine therapy resistance","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01315-13","article-title":"The histone variant MacroH2A1 regulates target gene expression in part by recruiting the transcriptional coregulator PELP1","volume":"34","author":"Hussey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt091","article-title":"PELP1 oncogenic functions involve CARM1 regulation","volume":"34","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers3021691","article-title":"Epigenetics of estrogen receptor signaling: Role in hormonal cancer progression and therapy","volume":"3","author":"Mann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.332","article-title":"Significance of PELP1\/HDAC2\/miR-200 regulatory network in EMT and metastasis of breast cancer","volume":"33","author":"Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2010.62","article-title":"PELP1 is a reader of histone H3 methylation that facilitates oestrogen receptor-alpha target gene activation by regulating lysine demethylase 1 specificity","volume":"11","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0598","article-title":"Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes in ER(+) Breast Cancer Models Are Promoted by PELP1\/AIB1 Complexes","volume":"16","author":"Truong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34610-0","article-title":"Cryo-EM reveals the architecture of the PELP1-WDR18 molecular scaffold","volume":"13","author":"Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.09.039","article-title":"The AAA ATPase MDN1 Acts as a SUMO-Targeted Regulator in Mammalian Pre-ribosome Remodeling","volume":"64","author":"Raman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2023.01.004","article-title":"Interaction modules that impart specificity to disordered protein","volume":"48","author":"Cermakova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D442","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1058","article-title":"ELM-the Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource-2024 update","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3249","article-title":"Integration of ER\u03b1-PELP1-HER2 signaling by LSD1 (KDM1A\/AOF2) offers combinatorial therapeutic opportunities to circumventing hormone resistance in breast cancer","volume":"14","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5991","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a phosphotyrosine-independent ligand of the p56lck SH2 domain","volume":"93","author":"Joung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"877","article-title":"Scaffolding proteins mediating membrane-initiated extra-nuclear actions of estrogen receptor","volume":"76","author":"Boonyaratanakornkit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.01.013","article-title":"The importance of non-nuclear AR signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance","volume":"28","author":"Zarif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0877","article-title":"Inhibition of mTOR signaling reduces PELP1-mediated tumor growth and therapy resistance","volume":"13","author":"Gonugunta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-020-00380-8","article-title":"Estradiol-Induced MMP-9 Expression via PELP1-Mediated Membrane-Initiated Signaling in ER\u03b1-Positive Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0531","article-title":"The modulator of nongenomic actions of the estrogen receptor (MNAR) regulates transcription-independent androgen receptor-mediated signaling: Evidence that MNAR participates in G protein-regulated meiosis in Xenopus laevis oocytes","volume":"19","author":"Haas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, B.J., Regan Anderson, T.M., Welch, S.L., Nicely, J., Seewaldt, V.L., and Ostrander, J.H. (2015). Cytoplasmic PELP1 and ERRgamma protect human mammary epithelial cells from Tam-induced cell death. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121206"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8164","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0038","article-title":"Identifying the Estrogen Receptor Coactivator PELP1 in Autophagosomes","volume":"67","author":"Ohshiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22119","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212822200","article-title":"Functional interactions between the estrogen receptor coactivator PELP1\/MNAR and retinoblastoma protein","volume":"278","author":"Balasenthil","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.026","article-title":"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks","volume":"127","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6416","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1786","article-title":"Potential role of a novel transcriptional coactivator PELP1 in histone H1 displacement in cancer cells","volume":"64","author":"Nair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R108","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3229","article-title":"Targeting the PELP1-KDM1 axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Cortez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.017194","article-title":"Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation","volume":"11","author":"Fanis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_11_18","article-title":"Increased expression of PELP1 in human sperm is correlated with decreased semen quality","volume":"20","author":"Skibinska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101406","article-title":"Inflammation-induced PELP1 expression promotes tumorigenesis by activating GM-CSF paracrine secretion in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"298","author":"Vuttaradhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23152","article-title":"PELP1 signaling contributes to medulloblastoma progression by regulating the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"59","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.739847","article-title":"Cytoplasmic Localization of Proline, Glutamic Acid, Leucine-rich Protein 1 (PELP1) Induces Breast Epithelial Cell Migration through Up-regulation of Inhibitor of \u03baB Kinase \u03f5 and Inflammatory Cross-talk with Macrophages","volume":"292","author":"Girard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2022.154065","article-title":"PELP1 is overexpressed in lung cancer and promotes tumor cell malignancy and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug","volume":"237","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105078","article-title":"PELP1 promotes the expression of RUNX2 via the ERK pathway during the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells","volume":"124","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zcae017","DOI":"10.1093\/narcan\/zcae017","article-title":"The impact of ribosome biogenesis in cancer: From proliferation to metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"NAR Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-06-0530","article-title":"LAS1L interacts with the mammalian Rix1 complex to regulate ribosome biogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Castle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04598-0","article-title":"Rixosomal RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes","volume":"604","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112339","article-title":"SENP3 and USP7 regulate Polycomb-rixosome interactions and silencing functions","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58732-3","article-title":"Molecular insights into the overall architecture of human rixosome","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"91","article-title":"Emerging significance of ER-coregulator PELP1\/MNAR in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Nair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flageng, M.H., Knappskog, S., Gjerde, J., Lonning, P.E., and Mellgren, G. (2015). Estrogens Correlate with PELP1 Expression in ER Positive Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134351"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.01.011","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of PELP1\/MNAR promoter","volume":"330","author":"Mishra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4395","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510368200","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) interacts with PELP1 and activates MAPK","volume":"281","author":"Rayala","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrander, J.H., Truong, T., Trousdell, M., Hagen, K., Temiz, N.A., Ciccone, M., Dewji, F.I., Santos, C.d., and Lange, C.A. (2025). Abstract 1425: Transcriptional and epigenomic landscape of paclitaxel resistant MCF-7 cells. Cancer Res., 85.","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2025-1425"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-01871-w","article-title":"PELP1\/SRC-3-dependent regulation of metabolic PFKFB kinases drives therapy resistant ER(+) breast cancer","volume":"40","author":"Truong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Altwegg, K.A., Liu, J., Weintraub, S.T., Chen, Y., Lai, Z., Sareddy, G.R., Viswanadhapalli, S., and Vadlamudi, R.K. (2022). Global Genomic and Proteomic Analysis Identified Critical Pathways Modulated by Proto-Oncogene PELP1 in TNBC. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040930"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0456","article-title":"Significance of PELP1 in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.2038","article-title":"PELP1\/MNAR suppression inhibits proliferation and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma cells","volume":"28","author":"Wan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"101","article-title":"Complexes formed by mutant p53 and their roles in breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Bellazzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2510","article-title":"Breast Tumor Kinase (Brk\/PTK6) Is Induced by HIF, Glucocorticoid Receptor, and PELP1-Mediated Stress Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"76","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-1101","article-title":"Central role for PELP1 in nonandrogenic activation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0269","article-title":"Various phosphorylation pathways, depending on agonist and antagonist binding to endogenous estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), differentially affect ERalpha extractability, proteasome-mediated stability, and transcriptional activity in human breast cancer cells","volume":"17","author":"Marsaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331s","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-031212","article-title":"Cross-talk between estrogen receptor and growth factor pathways as a molecular target for overcoming endocrine resistance","volume":"10","author":"Schiff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4902","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-5698","article-title":"Role of PELP1\/MNAR signaling in ovarian tumorigenesis","volume":"68","author":"Dimple","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2718","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of PELP1 prevents ovarian cancer growth and metastasis","volume":"17","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-02908-w","article-title":"Effects of PELP1 on proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"42","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Englert-Golon, M., Andrusiewicz, M., \u017bbikowska, A., Chmielewska, M., Sajdak, S., and Kotwicka, M. (2021). Altered Expression of ESR1, ESR2, PELP1 and c-SRC Genes Is Associated with Ovarian Cancer Manifestation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126216"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Wang, L., Liu, F., Pan, J., Yao, Z., Lin, Y., Yang, Y., Xiong, X., Li, K., and Yang, Y. (2022). Targeting PELP1 Attenuates Angiogenesis and Enhances Chemotherapy Efficiency in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14020383"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Sun, Y., Wu, Q., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Sun, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, Z., Liu, S., and Xiao, W. (2019). PELP1 Suppression Inhibits Gastric Cancer Through Downregulation of c-Src-PI3K-ERK Pathway. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01423"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-009-0419-9","article-title":"The prognostic significance of PELP1 expression in invasive breast cancer with emphasis on the ER-positive luminal-like subtype","volume":"120","author":"Habashy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Dai, J., McNamara, K.M., Bai, B., Shi, M., Chan, M.S., Liu, M., Sasano, H., Wang, X., and Li, X. (2015). Prognostic significance of proline, glutamic acid, leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) in triple-negative breast cancer: A retrospective study on 129 cases. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1694-y"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2018.316","article-title":"The Clinical Value of PELP1 for Breast Cancer: A Comparison with Multiple Cancers and Analysis in Breast Cancer Subtypes","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-022-03535-9","article-title":"Value of Proline, Glutamic Acid, and Leucine-Rich Protein 1 and GATA Binding Protein 3 Expression in Breast Cancer: An Immunohistochemical study","volume":"85","author":"Moustafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"153","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of PELP1 and GATA3 in primary and metastatic triple negative breast cancer","volume":"35","author":"Moustafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Senol. Y Patol. Mamar."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4103\/egjp.egjp_2_23","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of proline, glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) in correlation with guanine adenine thymine adenine family member 3 (GATA-3) receptors expression in breast carcinomas","volume":"43","author":"Elmetwally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.18632\/oncoscience.469","article-title":"Targeting steroid receptor co-activators to inhibit breast cancer stem cells","volume":"5","author":"Truong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoscience"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.5301\/jbm.5000078","article-title":"The pattern of proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 expression in Chinese women with primary breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Markers"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Dai, J., Pan, Y., Wang, X., Qiao, J., Sasano, H., Zhao, B., Mcnamara, K., Guan, X., and Liu, L. (2021). Overexpression of PELP1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Promoted E2 Induced Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of the Tumor Cells and Predicted a Worse Outcome of the Patients. Pathol. Oncol. Res., 27.","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2021.582443"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"2136","article-title":"PELP1 inhibition by SMIP34 reduces endometrial cancer progression via attenuation of ribosomal biogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aust, S., Horak, P., Pils, D., Pils, S., Grimm, C., Horvat, R., Tong, D., Schmid, B., Speiser, P., and Reinthaller, A. (2013). The prognostic value of estrogen receptor beta and proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) expression in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-115"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T79","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0502","article-title":"The social network of PELP1 and its implications in breast and prostate cancers","volume":"21","author":"Gonugunta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"318","article-title":"Integrative Analysis of Androgen Receptor Interactors Aberrations and Associated Prognostic Significance in Prostate Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urol. J."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"235","article-title":"Expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and co-regulator PELP1\/MNAR in colorectal cancer: Prognostic significance and clinicopathologic correlations","volume":"31","author":"Grivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Oncol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.05.015","article-title":"Increased expression of proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein PELP1 in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"73","author":"Slowikowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.02.014","article-title":"Metformin induces human esophageal carcinoma cell pyroptosis by targeting the miR-497\/PELP1 axis","volume":"450","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2929","article-title":"Roscovitine confers tumor suppressive effect on therapy-resistant breast tumor cells","volume":"13","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-0698","article-title":"A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER+ Breast Cancer","volume":"82","author":"Altwegg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/12\/1729\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T05:14:38Z","timestamp":1765689278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/15\/12\/1729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["biom15121729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15121729","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2218-273X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]}}}