{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:25:37Z","timestamp":1791606337585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key R&amp;D Program of Shandong Province, China","award":["2022CXPT037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXPT037"]}]},{"name":"the Advanced Researcher Fund of Jiangsu University","award":["5501290015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5501290015"]}]},{"name":"National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates","award":["202510299087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202510299087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiolipin (CL), a unique dimeric phospholipid predominantly enriched in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is a crucial determinant of mitochondrial structure and function. Its content, fatty acyl composition, and oxidation state are associated with mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and cellular signaling. Disruptions in CL metabolism are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. This narrative review summarizes recent advances in the analytical techniques employed for CL analysis. The principles and applications of mass spectrometry-based platforms, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescent probes were discussed, with an emphasis on their strengths in revealing the structure, composition, dynamics, and spatial distribution of CL. Furthermore, the evidence of CL abnormalities in various CNS disorders was assessed, often showing decreased CL levels, loss of polyunsaturated species, and increased oxidation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the nutritional interventions for CL modulation were discussed, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, carotenoids, retinoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids, which summarize their potential health-beneficial effects in remodeling the CL acyl chain, preventing oxidation, and regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Overall, this review provided insight into integrating CL analysis and dietary modulation in understanding CL-related pathologies in CNS disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advances in Cardiolipin Analysis: Applications in Central Nervous System Disorders and Nutrition Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Depeng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuohan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8545-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quancai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotherapeutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5339-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasanoff, E.S., Yaguzhinsky, L.S., and Garab, G. 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