{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:05:25Z","timestamp":1792202725391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a central driver of PD onset and progression in which oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia engage in complex bidirectional crosstalk that shapes the inflammatory milieu of the central nervous system. Pathological activation of glial cells triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species, thereby exacerbating neuronal injury and contributing to sustained disease progression. Modulating maladaptive glial activation states and their intercellular communication represents a promising therapeutic avenue aimed at mitigating neuroinflammation and slowing PD pathology. This review synthesizes current knowledge on neuroinflammation in PD, focusing on the distinct roles of microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, their interaction networks, and emerging therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16010156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1768475601000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microglia, Astrocytes, and Oligodendrocytes in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Neuroinflammatory Crosstalk and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3887-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"K\u0119dzia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1559-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Galita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Majsterek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9206-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wioletta","family":"Rozp\u0119dek-Kami\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-034145","article-title":"Genetics and Pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. 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