{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:25:38Z","timestamp":1784762738325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82360018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82500673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82500673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education","award":["2020-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-39"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and treatment of Guizhou Province","award":["QKHPT [2025]031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHPT [2025]031"]}]},{"name":"Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["QKHZC [2024]-127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHZC [2024]-127"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Union Fund for High-quality health development of Guizhou Province","award":["2024GZYXKYJJXM0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GZYXKYJJXM0002"]}]},{"name":"Program for Excellent Young Talents of Zunyi Medical University","award":["15ZY-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15ZY-001"]}]},{"name":"\u201c12345 Future Talent Training Plan\u201d of Zunyi Medical University\u2014Future science and technology Elite talent project","award":["ZYSE-2022-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYSE-2022-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer remains a major public health challenge due to high incidence and mortality. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (SDF-1) constitute a critical axis in tumor biology, influencing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Aberrant CXCR4 expression is frequently observed in lung cancer and is closely associated with adverse prognosis, enhanced metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. Mechanistically, CXCR4 activates signaling pathways including PI3K\/AKT, MAPK\/ERK, JAK\/STAT, and FAK\/Src, promoting epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, stemness, and survival. The CXCL12\/CXCR4 axis also orchestrates interactions with the tumor microenvironment, facilitating chemotaxis toward CXCL12-rich niches (e.g., bone marrow and brain) and modulating anti-tumor immunity via regulatory cells. Regulation of CXCR4 occurs at transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional levels, with modulation by hypoxia, inflammatory signals, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Clinically, high CXCR4 expression correlates with metastasis, poor prognosis, and reduced response to certain therapies, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Therapeutic strategies targeting CXCR4 include small-molecule antagonists (e.g., AMD3100\/plerixafor; balixafortide), anti-CXCR4 antibodies, and CXCL12 decoys, as well as imaging probes for patient selection and response monitoring (e.g., 68Ga-pentixafor PET). Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that CXCR4 blockade can impair tumor growth, limit metastatic spread, and enhance chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy, although hematopoietic side effects and infection risk necessitate careful therapeutic design. This review synthesizes the molecular features, regulatory networks, and translational potential of CXCR4 in lung cancer and discusses future directions for precision therapy and biomarker-guided intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16020188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T12:41:16Z","timestamp":1769431276000},"page":"188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CXCR4: A Promising Novel Strategy for Lung Cancer Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mengting","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengkun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolarz, B., \u0141ukasiewicz, H., Samulak, D., Piekarska, E., Ko\u0142aci\u0144ski, R., and Romanowicz, H. 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