{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:01:14Z","timestamp":1792803674607,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001583","name":"Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"UNT Health Fort Worth","award":["2400071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2400071"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05msxaq47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Kidney disease, be it acute or chronic, has a complex pathology and is a significant human health problem. Increasing interest has been focused on exploring therapeutic targets that can be used to safeguard kidney function under a variety of detrimental conditions. In this article, we review the protective effects of 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a tryptophan metabolite, on kidney injury. Published studies indicate that serum 5-MTP level is decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that 5-MTP is a biomarker for CKD and has therapeutic values. Indeed, rodent models of kidney injury induced by folic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and ischemia\/reperfusion all demonstrate that exogenous 5-MTP exhibits nephroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms involve antioxidative damage via activating antioxidant systems such as heme oxygenase-1, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and enhanced mitophagy. To further explore the underlying mechanisms and the potential of 5-MTP as a kidney therapeutic compound, future studies need to include more rodent models of kidney injury induced by a variety of insults. Moreover, how to boost endogenous 5-MTP content and its potential synergistic effects with other therapeutic approaches aiming to combat kidney diseases also remain to be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16020223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:00:47Z","timestamp":1770033647000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Renoprotection by 5-Methoxytryptophan in Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jonah P.","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0794-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tram N.","family":"Diep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaona","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Jun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Reed, S. 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