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Early detection remains vital, as molecular abnormalities precede visible histological changes during tumor development. This review summarizes recent progress in decoding NPC\u2019s molecular profile, including genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, non-coding RNA networks and proteomic alterations. Importantly, these molecular discoveries are increasingly informing clinical approaches to disease management. Modern diagnostic integration of histopathology, EBV biomarkers and advanced imaging has improved detection, yet locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis remain major causes of mortality. Immunotherapy shows promising efficacy in recurrent\/metastatic NPC, underscoring the potential of molecular insights to guide therapeutic innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16020256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:35:37Z","timestamp":1770287737000},"page":"256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at the Virology Precision Oncology Nexus: Decoding Molecular Alterations for Early Intervention and Therapeutic Innovation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Basic 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