{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T13:30:43Z","timestamp":1771248643308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"PNPD-CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88882.316483\/2019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88882.316483\/2019-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mannosylerythritol lipid-B (MEL-B) is a glycolipid whose biological properties have been widely investigated, especially in the skincare, food, and therapeutic fields. Despite this, few studies have addressed the toxicity of this glycolipid in vivo. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the in vivo oxidative stress induced by MEL-B in Swiss mice. MEL-B (50 and 150 mg\/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at two exposure times, 24 and 72 h. Biochemical damage was quantified in the gastrocnemius, lungs, kidneys, heart, liver, and spleen. This study assessed the levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage markers, antioxidant defenses, protein concentration, triglycerides, creatine kinase (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). DCF (2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorofluorescein), sulfhydryl, and SOD (superoxide dismutase) levels were used to assess oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses in cells. The results indicate that MEL-B did not trigger acute toxicity in the tested animals in a systemic context. Oxidative stress was observed in the liver samples, likely due to the metabolization of MEL-B. The levels of triglycerides and of CK-MB and LDH enzymes did not present any significant alteration (p &lt; 0.05), indicating that glycolipids do not trigger tissue damage. These findings open new perspectives for the safe use of MEL-B in cosmetic and medicinal products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16020310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:37:28Z","timestamp":1771245448000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Induced by Intraperitoneal Administration of Mannosylerythritol Lipid Biosurfactant in Swiss Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Emilio","family":"Feuser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Let\u00edcia Silva","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana de Melo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0931-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahisa","family":"Scussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7451-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00edrian \u00cdvens","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lariani Tamires Witt","family":"Titbohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabela Karina","family":"Della-Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Andrez","family":"Machado-de-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Cesar Lock","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici\u00fama 88806-000, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7544-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0151-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano Jos\u00e9 de","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-008-0460-4","article-title":"Mannosylerythritol lipids: A review","volume":"35","author":"Arutchelvi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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