{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:54:07Z","timestamp":1792274047664,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52371146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52371146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Industrial Collaboration Project","award":["HCXBCY-2023-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCXBCY-2023-042"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao Special Administrative Region","award":["0061\/2023\/RIA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0061\/2023\/RIA1"]}]},{"name":"Macao Polytechnic University Research Fund","award":["RP\/FCSD-01\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCSD-01\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To overcome the limitations of traditional motion sickness medications\u2014slow onset of action, short duration of efficacy, and poor patient compliance\u2014this study employed coaxial electrospinning technology. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP K90) were used as composite carrier materials. The sheath layer is composed of highly hydrophilic PVP K90, loaded with the antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH). The core layer, composed of biodegradable PLA with excellent sustained-release properties, carries the anticholinergic drug scopolamine hydrobromide (SH). This core\u2013sheath nanostructured nanofiber sublingual film delivers dual anti-motion sickness drugs. A series of characterization tests revealed that the sublingual membrane exhibits a linear morphology with a distinct core\u2013shell nanostructure. The drugs DPH and SH are distributed in an amorphous state within the sheath and core layers, respectively. Wetting performance tests indicate that the membrane\u2019s wettability falls between those of monofilament membranes. In vitro drug release experiments revealed that DPH exhibited a \u201crapid onset + sustained release\u201d biphasic profile, with cumulative release reaching 60% within 2 h and approaching complete release by 10 h, primarily via Fickian diffusion (n = 0.30). SH exhibited prolonged sustained release, approaching complete release at 12 h via non-Fickian diffusion (n = 0.55). Cytotoxicity and vital\/necrotic staining experiments mutually corroborated that cell viability remained above 80%, further validating the safety and efficacy of PLA\/PVP as a combined drug delivery carrier. This study provides a novel delivery system for motion sickness treatment, offering significant theoretical value and broad clinical application prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16030363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:55:01Z","timestamp":1772463301000},"page":"363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Electrospun PLA\/PVP K90 Biphasic-Release Sublingual Film for Motion Sickness Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORYOU Mechatronics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORYOU Mechatronics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng-Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau 999078, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2023.100719","article-title":"A Combination of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamic Acid, Calcium, Thiamine, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin vs Ginger Extract in the Management of Chronic Motion Sickness: A Clinical Evaluation","volume":"99","author":"Nunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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