{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:00:09Z","timestamp":1773212409158,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016991","name":"University of Guadalajara","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIN 2023-IV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIN 2023-IV"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016991","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stress is increasingly recognized as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon shaped by interacting biological, psychological, and social factors, and it has been linked to numerous physical conditions. Several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers have been correlated with perceived stress. However, the combined association of biochemical variables, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA methylation with perceived stress has not yet been examined in the Mexican population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine such an association in a sample of non-representative Mexican adult individuals. A total of 157 individuals were included, of whom 83 (53%) were women. Women showed higher values of stress than men. In the bivariate correlations, perceived stress correlated negatively with sleep quality, age, total cholesterol, monthly earnings and waist-to-hip ratio and positively with morbidity count, leucocytes and platelets. In the multivariable analyses, additional variables were associated with perceived stress, including a positive correlation with IL-1\u03b2 in the total sample, a positive correlation with 8-isoprostane in the women\u2019s sample, and a negative correlation with this molecule in the men\u2019s sample. Similarly, perceived stress correlated positively with DNA global methylation in the men\u2019s sample and negatively with this variable in the women\u2019s sample. In conclusion, perceived stress showed correlations with many variables, including sociodemographic and behavioral ones, such as sex, age and sleep quality; biochemical variables, including serum lipids, platelets and leukocytes; and inflammation (IL-1\u03b2), oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) and DNA methylation (global DNA methylation) biomarkers, some of them showing opposite correlations in each sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16030405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T08:43:31Z","timestamp":1773132211000},"page":"405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Biochemical, Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress and DNA Methylation Biomarkers with Perceived Stress in Mexican Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heriberto","family":"Jacobo-Cuevas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Assessment of Prognosis Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disorders, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Postdoctorado, Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda B\u00e1sica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Assessment of Prognosis Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disorders, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica (INTEC), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7433-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Ram\u00edrez-de-Los-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda B\u00e1sica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2272-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M\u00edriam","family":"Salda\u00f1a-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica (INTEC), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Ponce-Guarneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica (INTEC), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7643-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma Alejandra","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Assessment of Prognosis Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disorders, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Terap\u00e9utica Experimental y Cl\u00ednica (INTEC), Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniel Jessica Leticia","family":"Brambila-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda B\u00e1sica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/138032a0","article-title":"A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents","volume":"138","author":"Selye","year":"1936","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gellman, M.D., and Turner, J.R. 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