{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:08:52Z","timestamp":1790114932320,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is essential for mobility, metabolic homeostasis, and clinical outcomes across a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological conditions. While muscle atrophy and hypertrophy have traditionally been interpreted through upstream anabolic\u2013catabolic signaling and proteolytic pathways, accumulating evidence indicates that ribosome biogenesis and translational control represent rate-limiting determinants of muscle plasticity. However, this regulatory layer remains insufficiently integrated into current models of muscle adaptation and disease. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in ribosomal RNA transcription, ribosomal protein dynamics, and translational regulation in skeletal muscle, with particular emphasis on signaling networks governed by mTORC1, c-Myc, AMPK, and FOXO. We highlight ribosome biogenesis as a central hub linking mechanical loading, nutrient availability, inflammatory stress, and metabolic status to protein synthesis capacity. Evidence from human and animal studies demonstrates that impaired ribosome production and translational efficiency precede and predict muscle atrophy in disuse, aging, cancer cachexia, and chronic disease, whereas ribosome expansion is a prerequisite for sustained hypertrophy. Beyond quantitative regulation, we discuss the emerging concept of ribosome heterogeneity as a qualitative layer of translational control that may enable selective mRNA translation during muscle growth, stress adaptation, and degeneration. We further examine ribosome\u2013mitochondria crosstalk as a critical but underexplored mechanism coordinating anabolic capacity with cellular energetics. Finally, we outline therapeutic implications, highlighting exercise, nutritional strategies, and indirect pharmacological interventions that preserve ribosomal competence, and propose ribosome-based biomarkers as promising tools for precision management of muscle-wasting disorders. Collectively, this review positions ribosome biology as a translationally relevant framework bridging molecular mechanisms with therapeutic perspectives in skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16030406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:55:38Z","timestamp":1773136538000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ribosome Biogenesis and Translational Control in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Innovative Development of Sports and Healthcare Integration, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2024","article-title":"A Comprehensive View of Muscle Glucose Uptake: Regulation by Insulin, Contractile Activity, and Exercise","volume":"105","author":"Richter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e649","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.649","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle: Molecular Structure, Myogenesis, Biological Functions, and Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00606-x","article-title":"Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00768.2022","article-title":"Human Skeletal Muscle-Specific Atrophy with Aging: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"134","author":"Naruse","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20231198","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Immobilisation-Induced Atrophy: Mechanistic Insights from Human Studies","volume":"138","author":"Deane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01454-0","article-title":"Cancer Cachexia: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies","volume":"16","author":"Setiawan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fhon, J.R.S., Silva, A.R.F., Lima, E.F.C., dos Santos Neto, A.P., Henao-Casta\u00f1o, \u00c1.M., Fajardo-Ramos, E., and P\u00fcschel, V.A.A. (2023). Association between Sarcopenia, Falls, and Cognitive Impairment in Older People: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054156"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun, L., Robinson, M., Geetha, T., Broderick, T.L., and Babu, J.R. (2023). Prevalence and Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Metabolic Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032973"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-02995-9","article-title":"Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Consensus Report by the Outcome Working Group of the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)","volume":"37","author":"Beaudart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariean, C.R., Tiuc\u0103, O.M., Mariean, A., and Cotoi, O.S. (2023). Cancer Cachexia: New Insights and Future Directions. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235590"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.009","article-title":"Muscle Atrophy in CKD: A Historical Perspective of Advancements in Its Understanding","volume":"33","author":"Price","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e00001","article-title":"The Health Benefits of Resistance Exercise: Beyond Hypertrophy and Big Weights","volume":"1","author":"Nunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport. Mov."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106807","article-title":"Resistance Training Prescription for Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"57","author":"Currier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002929","article-title":"An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise\u2013Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"54","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-025-00397-z","article-title":"Signaling Networks Governing Skeletal Muscle Growth, Atrophy, and Cachexia","volume":"15","author":"Joshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, X., Zhang, P., Chen, X., and Liu, W. (2023). Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1289537"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy: Implications in Health and Disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01749-9","article-title":"Protein Translation: Biological Processes and Therapeutic Strategies for Human Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sig Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01285-4","article-title":"Ribosome Biogenesis in Disease: New Players and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"8","author":"Jiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pertschy, B., and Zierler, I. (2024). Ribosomal Proteins in Ribosome Assembly. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010013"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202209115","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202209115","article-title":"Quality Control Ensures Fidelity in Ribosome Assembly and Cellular Health","volume":"222","author":"Parker","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaillou, T., and Montiel-Rojas, D. (2023). Does the Blunted Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis by Aging in Response to Mechanical Load Result from Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis?. Front. Aging, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1171850"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12636","article-title":"Ribosome Biogenesis and Degradation Regulate Translational Capacity during Muscle Disuse and Reloading","volume":"12","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31182","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31182","article-title":"Low Baseline Ribosome-related Gene Expression and Resistance Training-Induced Declines in Ribosome-Related Gene Expression Are Associated with Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Young Men and Women","volume":"239","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13806","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13806","article-title":"Ribosome Accumulation during Early Phase Resistance Training in Humans","volume":"235","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C624","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00528.2025","article-title":"Making Sense of MYC in Skeletal Muscle: Location, Duration, and Magnitude","volume":"329","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20240007","article-title":"New Developments in AMPK and mTORC1 Cross-Talk","volume":"68","author":"Smiles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"109","article-title":"mTORC1, the Maestro of Cell Metabolism and Growth","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01608-z","article-title":"Multifaceted Role of mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) Signaling Pathway in Human Health and Disease","volume":"8","author":"Panwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, G., Chen, Y., and Dong, Y. (2025). Unraveling the AMPK-SIRT1-FOXO Pathway: The in-Depth Analysis and Breakthrough Prospects of Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010070"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfister, A.S. (2023). An Update on Nucleolar Stress: The Transcriptional Control of Autophagy. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162071"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tezze, C., Sandri, M., and Tessari, P. (2023). Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202308.0516.v1"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deane, C.S., Cox, J., and Atherton, P.J. (2024). Critical Variables Regulating Age-Related Anabolic Responses to Protein Nutrition in Skeletal Muscle. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1419229"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230377","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0377","article-title":"Specialized Ribosomes: Integrating New Insights and Current Challenges","volume":"380","author":"Beavan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.07.001","article-title":"Translational Control through Ribosome Heterogeneity and Functional Specialization","volume":"47","author":"Gay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2024.10.001","article-title":"Dynamic rRNA Modifications as a Source of Ribosome Heterogeneity","volume":"35","author":"Milenkovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C516","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00301.2024","article-title":"The rRNA Epitranscriptome and Myonuclear SNORD Landscape in Skeletal Muscle Fibers Contributes to Ribosome Heterogeneity and Is Altered by a Hypertrophic Stimulus","volume":"327","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad121","article-title":"Dynamic Interplay between RPL3- and RPL3L-Containing Ribosomes Modulates Mitochondrial Activity in the Mammalian Heart","volume":"51","author":"Milenkovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37838-6","article-title":"RPL3L-Containing Ribosomes Determine Translation Elongation Dynamics Required for Cardiac Function","volume":"14","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263409","DOI":"10.1080\/15502783.2023.2263409","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle and Performance","volume":"20","author":"Ferrando","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirabara, S.M., Marzuca-Nassr, G.N., and Cury-Boaventura, M.F. (2024). Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Injury and Recovery: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/books978-3-7258-0366-8"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022724-104836","article-title":"Exercise as Mitochondrial Medicine: How Does the Exercise Prescription Affect Mitochondrial Adaptations to Training?","volume":"87","author":"Bishop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a041514","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041514","article-title":"Mitochondrial Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"17","author":"Handschin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/186660","article-title":"Not Only Protein: Dietary Supplements to Optimize the Skeletal Muscle Growth Response to Resistance Training: The Current State of Knowledge","volume":"91","author":"Paoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52945-8","article-title":"AtPRMT3-RPS2B Promotes Ribosome Biogenesis and Coordinates Growth and Cold Adaptation Trade-Off","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dash, S., Lamb, M.C., Lange, J.J., McKinney, M.C., Tsuchiya, D., Guo, F., Zhao, X., Corbin, T.J., Kirkman, M., and Delventhal, K. (2023). rRNA Transcription Is Integral to Phase Separation and Maintenance of Nucleolar Structure. PLoS Genet., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010854"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayers, T.N., and Woolford, J.L. (2024). Putting It All Together: The Roles of Ribosomal Proteins in Nucleolar Stages of 60S Ribosomal Assembly in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14080975"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04369-z","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Roles in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston, R., Aldrich, A., and Lyons, S.M. (2024). Roles of Ribosomal RNA in Health and Disease. Front. RNA Res., 1.","DOI":"10.3389\/frnar.2023.1331185"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.06.015","article-title":"Structural Basis of TFIIIC-Dependent RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation","volume":"83","author":"Talyzina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05687-6","article-title":"Implications of RNA Pseudouridylation for Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review","volume":"22","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-022-00891-8","article-title":"A Single 2\u2032-O-Methylation of Ribosomal RNA Gates Assembly of a Functional Ribosome","volume":"30","author":"Yelland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70257","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70257","article-title":"Small Nucleolar RNAs: Biological Functions and Diseases","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70497","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70497","article-title":"Transcriptomic Time Course of Skeletal Muscle Disuse and Rehabilitation in Middle-aged Adults","volume":"13","author":"Kilroe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C601","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00362.2024","article-title":"The Utility of the Rodent Synergist Ablation Model in Identifying Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"327","author":"Burke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C607","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00405.2024","article-title":"The Utility-and Limitations-of the Rodent Synergist Ablation Model in Examining Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"327","author":"Roberts","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22811","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202202065RR","article-title":"Acute Hypoxia Attenuates Resistance Exercise-Induced Ribosome Signaling but Does Not Impact Satellite Cell Pool Expansion in Human Skeletal Muscle","volume":"37","author":"Horwath","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2022","article-title":"Mechanisms of Mechanical Overload-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Current Understanding and Future Directions","volume":"103","author":"Roberts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003342","article-title":"One Week of Single-Leg Immobilization Lowers Muscle Connective Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy, Young Adults","volume":"56","author":"Holwerda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00837.2024","article-title":"Effects of Leg Immobilization and Recovery Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle-Molecular Markers in Previously Resistance-Trained Versus Untrained Adults","volume":"138","author":"Michel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2024.100748","article-title":"Proteomic Profiling of Muscular Adaptations to Short-Term Concentric versus Eccentric Exercise Training in Humans","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00073-2","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Proteomics: Considerations and Opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Metab. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Andrea, G., Deroma, G., Miluzio, A., and Biffo, S. (2024). The Paradox of Ribosomal Insufficiency Coupled with Increased Cancer: Shifting the Perspective from the Cancer Cell to the Microenvironment. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16132392"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Santiago, F., and Navarro, F. (2023). Transcription by the three RNA Polymerases under the Control of the TOR Signaling Pathway in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040642"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01699-3","article-title":"Targeting mTOR Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma: Biology and Implication for Therapy","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01508-y","article-title":"Regulation of Transcriptome Plasticity by mTOR Signaling Pathway","volume":"57","author":"Yong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zcae017","DOI":"10.1093\/narcan\/zcae017","article-title":"The Impact of Ribosome Biogenesis in Cancer: From Proliferation to Metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"NAR Cancer"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgae429","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae429","article-title":"Peroxisomal Import Stress Activates Integrated Stress Response and Inhibits Ribosome Biogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46037-w","article-title":"Reducing the Metabolic Burden of rRNA Synthesis Promotes Healthy Longevity in Caenorhabditis Elegans","volume":"15","author":"Sharifi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheu-Gruttadauria, J., Yan, X., Stuurman, N., Vale, R.D., and Floor, S.N. (2024). Nucleolar Dynamics Are Determined by the Ordered Assembly of the Ribosome. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.26.559432"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, X., and Ding, S. (2025). Unraveling the Role of STAT3 in Cancer Cachexia: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Endocrinol, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1608612"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60049-0","article-title":"Aerobic and Resistance Exercise-Regulated Phosphoproteome and Acetylproteome Modifications in Human Skeletal Muscle","volume":"16","author":"Pataky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15755","article-title":"Nucleolar Stress: Molecular Mechanisms and Related Human Diseases","volume":"114","author":"Maehama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1113\/EP091937","article-title":"Mitigating Disuse-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Ageing: Resistance Exercise as a Critical Countermeasure","volume":"109","author":"McKendry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13073","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia-related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass: Data Analysis from Preclinical and Clinical Studies","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1875647","article-title":"Ribosome Profiling Analysis of Human Skeletal Muscle Identifies Reduced Translation of Mitochondrial Proteins with Age","volume":"18","author":"Tharakan","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00613-3","article-title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Aging Atlas","volume":"4","author":"Kedlian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20240201","article-title":"Satellite Cell Dynamics during Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy","volume":"52","author":"Saliu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y.-C. (2025). Dual Roles of mTOR in Skeletal Muscle Adaptation: Coordinating Hypertrophic and Mitochondrial Biogenesis Pathways for Exercise-Induced Chronic Disease Management. Front. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1635219"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1274","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00099.2023","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Memory","volume":"324","author":"Sharples","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.20517\/jtgg.2024.102","article-title":"IP3 Receptors Contribute to Muscle Atrophy and Maintain Ribosomal RNA Content during 3-Day Hind Limb Suspension in Rats","volume":"9","author":"Zaripova","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Genet Genom."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101372","article-title":"The Impact of Bed Rest on Human Skeletal Muscle Metabolism","volume":"5","author":"Eggelbusch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E962","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00012.2025","article-title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy Has Profound and Negative Effects on the Muscle Metabolome and Lipidome","volume":"328","author":"Kilroe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2021.05.036","article-title":"Temporal Changes in the Markers of Ribosome Biogenesis in Rat Soleus Muscle under Simulated Microgravity","volume":"186","author":"Rozhkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15969","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15969","article-title":"Effects of Hindlimb Unloading on the Mevalonate and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling Pathways in a Fast-Twitch Muscle in Rats","volume":"12","author":"Uda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozhkov, S.V., Sharlo, K.A., Shenkman, B.S., and Mirzoev, T.M. (2022). The Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis in Rat Soleus Muscle under Disuse Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052751"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2022.109411","article-title":"Inhibition of mTORC1 Differentially Affects Ribosome Biogenesis in Rat Soleus Muscle at the Early and Later Stages of Hindlimb Unloading","volume":"730","author":"Rozhkov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00196.2024","article-title":"Molecular Insights into Human Soleus Muscle Atrophy Development: Long-Term Dry Immersion Effects on the Transcriptomic Profile and Posttranslational Signaling","volume":"57","author":"Bokov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgac086","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac086","article-title":"Signatures of Muscle Disuse in Spaceflight and Bed Rest Revealed by Single Muscle Fiber Proteomics","volume":"1","author":"Murgia","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgad006","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Omics Signatures in Cancer Cachexia: Perspectives and Opportunities","volume":"2023","author":"Gilmore","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.018","article-title":"Immunoregulation in Cancer-Associated Cachexia","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191934","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI191934","article-title":"Cancer Therapy and Cachexia","volume":"135","author":"Thakir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilski, J., Szlachcic, A., Ptak-Belowska, A., and Brzozowski, T. (2025). Physical Activity, Exerkines, and Their Role in Cancer Cachexia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168011"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Wen, T., Wei, H., Kang, J., Lu, J., Zhou, T., Wen, Y., and Huang, H. (2025). Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Muscle Wasting: An Integrative Review. Front. Physiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1674892"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neshan, M., Tsilimigras, D.I., Han, X., Zhu, H., and Pawlik, T.M. (2024). Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia: A Review. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13030252"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.70164","article-title":"Nucleolar Organization in Response to Transcriptional Stress","volume":"116","author":"Imamura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21335","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002257R","article-title":"Reduced rDNA Transcription Diminishes Skeletal Muscle Ribosomal Capacity and Protein Synthesis in Cancer Cachexia","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02733-7","article-title":"Prognostic Model Identification of Ribosome Biogenesis-Related Genes in Pancreatic Cancer Based on Multiple Machine Learning Analyses","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Peng, S., Wang, J., Huang, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, G., Jiang, H., Zhong, K., Feng, L., and Chen, N. (2025). Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Role of Ribosome Biogenesis in Malignant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Development of a Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Model. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1602898"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Wen, N., Chen, W., and Yu, H. (2025). Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins: Potential Targets for Cancer Prognosis and Therapy. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1586137"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.-C., So, E.C., and Wu, S.-N. (2023). Cannabidiol Modulates M-Type K+ and Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102651"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daleck\u00e1, M., Sab\u00f3, J., Backov\u00e1, L., R\u00f6sel, D., Br\u00e1bek, J., Benda, A., and Tolde, O. (2021). Invadopodia Structure in 3D Environment Resolved by Near-Infrared Branding Protocol Combining Correlative Confocal and FIB-SEM Microscopy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157805"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2022.12.003","article-title":"Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Children with Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Disorders: Data from the 2016\u20132020 National Survey of Children\u2019s Health","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01500-9","article-title":"Biomarkers for Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: A Systematic Review for Prediction, Diagnosis and Prognosis","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanova, M., and Kohout, P. (2022). Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Sarcopenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158396"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae012","article-title":"Optimizing Sequence Design Strategies for Perturbation MPRAs: A Computational Evaluation Framework","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37839-5","article-title":"Identification of D-Arabinan-Degrading Enzymes in Mycobacteria","volume":"14","author":"Benedict","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2025.05.002","article-title":"Advancing Muscle Aging and Sarcopenia Research through Spatial Transcriptomics","volume":"11","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Sarcopenia"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-024-00369-9","article-title":"Calorie Restriction and Rapamycin Distinctly Restore Non-Canonical ORF Translation in the Muscles of Aging Mice","volume":"9","author":"Mittal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Regener. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"513","article-title":"The Resistance Training Effects on Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in Older Adult: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Heidari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Careccia, G., Mangiavini, L., and Cirillo, F. (2023). Regulation of Satellite Cells Functions during Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Critical Step in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010512"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., and Wang, H. (2024). Ribosome Heterogeneity in Development and Disease. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1414269"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62323-7","article-title":"The 18S rRNA Methyltransferase DIMT-1 Regulates Lifespan in the Germline Later in Life","volume":"16","author":"Rothi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, L., Yan, D., Wan, C., and Hu, B. (2022). Nucleolus and Nucleolar Stress: From Cell Fate Decision to Disease Development. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193017"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Guo, Y., and Zheng, C. (2024). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Sarcopenia: A Type of Muscle Loss Distinct from Sarcopenia and Disuse Muscle Atrophy. Front. Endocrinol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1375610"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, C., Valle, M.S., Cambria, M.T., and Malaguarnera, L. (2025). Inflammatory Crosstalk between Type 2 Diabetes and Sarcopenia: Insights from in Silico Evaluation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167932"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2025.104169","article-title":"Acute Effects of Heat Intervention and Hybrid Exercise on Protein Synthesis, Ribosome Biogenesis and Autophagy","volume":"131","author":"Solsona","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06575-3","article-title":"Biomarkers for Sarcopenia, Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance: An Umbrella Review","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-023-00320-0","article-title":"Bioreactor Development for Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy by Manipulating Uniaxial Cyclic Strain: Proof of Concept","volume":"10","author":"Kamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Microgravity"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0711","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000711","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle and MASLD: Mechanistic and Clinical Insights","volume":"9","author":"Marjot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20210844","article-title":"Translational Control in Cell Ageing: An Update","volume":"49","author":"Woodward","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-024-00299-z","article-title":"The 24-Hour Molecular Landscape after Exercise in humans Reveals MYC is Sufficient for Muscle Growth","volume":"25","author":"Edman","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solsona, R., Pavlin, L., Bernardi, H., and Sanchez, A.M. (2021). Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth and Organelle Biosynthesis: Practical Recommendations for Exercise Training. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052741"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03888-6","article-title":"Targeting Cancer via Ribosome Biogenesis: The Cachexia Perspective","volume":"78","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cisterna, B., and Malatesta, M. (2024). Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031833"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70955","article-title":"Eukaryotic Ribosome Quality Control System: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Human Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300494","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202300494","article-title":"Decoding the Heterogeneity and Specialized Function of Translation Machinery through Ribosome Profiling in Yeast Mutants of Initiation Factors","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singchat, W., Ahmad, S.F., Sillapaprayoon, S., Muangmai, N., Duengkae, P., Peyachoknagul, S., O\u2019Connor, R.E., Griffin, D.K., and Srikulnath, K. (2020). Partial Amniote Sex Chromosomal Linkage Homologies Shared on Snake W Sex Chromosomes Support the Ancestral Super-Sex Chromosome Evolution in Amniotes. Front. Genet., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00948"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56896-6","article-title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Heterogeneity beyond Myosin Heavy Chains","volume":"16","author":"Stocks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05708-7","article-title":"Proteomics-Based Characterization of Ribosome Heterogeneity in Adult Mouse Organs","volume":"82","author":"Brunchault","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.64225","article-title":"Novel Compound Heterozygous Missense Variants in RPL3L Gene Associated with Neonatal Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"200","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1089\/nat.2020.0928","article-title":"Knockdown of Muscle-Specific Ribosomal Protein L3-like Enhances Muscle Function in Healthy and Dystrophic Mice","volume":"31","author":"Kao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid. Ther."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimes, K.M., Prasad, V., Huo, J., Kuwabara, Y., Vanhoutte, D., Baldwin, T.A., Bowers, S.L.K., Johansen, A.K.Z., Sargent, M.A., and Lin, S.-C.J. (2023). Rpl3l Gene Deletion in Mice Reduces Heart Weight over Time. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1054169"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2024.05.005","article-title":"An InDel in the Promoter of Ribosomal Protein S27-like Gene Regulates Skeletal Muscle Growth in Pigs","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iyad080","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad080","article-title":"Ribosomal Protein Mutations and Cell Competition: Autonomous and Nonautonomous Effects on a Stress Response","volume":"224","author":"Kiparaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406318","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406318","article-title":"Post-Translational Modifications of RNA-Modifying Proteins in Cellular Dynamics and Disease Progression","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10411","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad768","article-title":"Global Profiling of Ribosomal Protein Acetylation Reveals Essentiality of Acetylation Homeostasis in Maintaining Ribosome Assembly and Function","volume":"51","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72780","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72780","article-title":"METTL18-Mediated Histidine Methylation of RPL3 Modulates Translation Elongation for Proteostasis Maintenance","volume":"11","author":"Shimazu","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117334119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117334119","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA 2\u2032-O-Methylations Regulate Translation by Impacting Ribosome Dynamics","volume":"119","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.079970.124","article-title":"2\u2032-O-Methylation (Nm) in RNA: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1705","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1705","article-title":"Decoding the Ribosome\u2019s Hidden Language: RRNA Modifications as Key Players in Cancer Dynamics and Targeted Therapies","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00294-z","article-title":"LARP1 Binds Ribosomes and TOP mRNAs in Repressed Complexes","volume":"43","author":"Saba","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pecoraro, V., Rosina, A., and Polacek, N. (2022). Ribosome-Associated ncRNAs (rancRNAs) Adjust Translation and Shape Proteomes. Noncoding RNA, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna8020022"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1142","article-title":"The miRNA\u2013Target Interactions: An Underestimated Intricacy","volume":"52","author":"Diener","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00441.2023","article-title":"Short-Term Repeated Human Biopsy Sampling Contributes to Changes in Muscle Morphology and Higher Outcome Variability","volume":"135","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barozzi, C., Zacchini, F., Asghar, S., and Montanaro, L. (2022). Ribosomal RNA Pseudouridylation: Will Newly Available Methods Finally Define the Contribution of This Modification to Human Ribosome Plasticity?. Front. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.920987"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12288","article-title":"Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions on Muscle Mass among Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Scoping Review","volume":"7","author":"Janani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najm, A., Niculescu, A.-G., Grumezescu, A.M., and Beuran, M. (2024). Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Sarcopenia: An Updated Review on Pathogenesis and Treatment Advances. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084300"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.08.010","article-title":"A Focus on Leucine in the Nutritional Regulation of Human Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Ageing, Exercise and Unloading States","volume":"42","author":"Ely","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesquita, P.H.C., Vann, C.G., Phillips, S.M., McKendry, J., Young, K.C., Kavazis, A.N., and Roberts, M.D. (2021). Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.725866"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101615","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Enhances Long-Term mTORC1 Sensitivity to Leucine","volume":"66","author":"Masschelein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R338","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00131.2024","article-title":"Relative rDNA Copy Number Is Not Associated with Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Does Not Affect Myotube Anabolism in Vitro","volume":"327","author":"Godwin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02120-2","article-title":"Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial and Capillary Growth in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression","volume":"55","author":"Almquist","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284822","article-title":"Resistance Training Diminishes Mitochondrial Adaptations to Subsequent Endurance Training in Healthy Untrained Men","volume":"601","author":"Mesquita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05549-5","article-title":"Integrative Effects of Resistance Training and Endurance Training on Mitochondrial Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"124","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M.J., Caruana, N.J., Saner, N.J., Kuang, J., Stokes, T., McLeod, J.C., Oikawa, S.Y., Bishop, D.J., Bartlett, J.D., and Phillips, S.M. (2024). Resistance-only and Concurrent Exercise Induce Similar Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates and Associated Molecular Responses in Moderately Active Men before and after Training. FASEB J., 38.","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202302024R"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70542","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70542","article-title":"Combined Effects of Mechanical Overload and High-intensity Interval Training on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Male Mice","volume":"13","author":"Shinkai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.-H., Cheng, Y.-J., Hsu, C.-P., Hu, G.-C., Hsu, H.-Y., Chien, Y.-N., Lin, H.-H., Hwang, L.-C., Ma, H.-C., and Lin, F.-A. (2025). Enhancing Resistance Training Adherence in Older Adults with Sarcopenia or Osteoporosis: A Study on Referral Success Rates. Front. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1632960"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2025.05.005","article-title":"Sarcopenia Prevention in Older Adults: Effectiveness and Limitations of Non-Pharmacological Interventions","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Sarcopenia"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108634","article-title":"Kinetic Modeling of Leucine-Mediated Signaling and Protein Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle","volume":"27","author":"McColl","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.05.009","article-title":"The Effects of Whey, Pea, and Collagen Protein Supplementation beyond the Recommended Dietary Allowance on Integrated Myofibrillar Protein Synthetic Rates in Older Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"120","author":"McKendry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Hulst, G., Masschelein, E., and De Bock, K. (2021). Dampened Muscle mTORC1 Response Following Ingestion of High-Quality Plant-Based Protein and Insect Protein Compared to Whey. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051396"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron, D.P., Sornkom, J., Alsahafi, S., Drygin, D., Poortinga, G., McArthur, G.A., Hein, N., Hannan, R., and Panov, K.I. (2024). CX-5461 Preferentially Induces Top2\u03b1-Dependent DNA Breaks at Ribosomal DNA Loci. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071514"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mir, S.A., Dar, A., Alshehri, S.A., Wahab, S., Hamid, L., Almoyad, M.A.A., Ali, T., and Bader, G.N. (2023). Exploring the mTOR Signalling Pathway and Its Inhibitory Scope in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071004"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marafie, S.K., Al-Mulla, F., and Abubaker, J. (2024). mTOR: Its Critical Role in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer, and the Aging Process. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116141"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07077-8","article-title":"Targeted Therapy of Cancer Stem Cells: Inhibition of mTOR in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research","volume":"15","author":"Son","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavrilova, A.A., Neklesova, M.V., Zagryadskaya, Y.A., Kuznetsova, I.M., Turoverov, K.K., and Fonin, A.V. (2024). Stress-Induced Evolution of the Nucleolus: The Role of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS) Transcripts. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101333"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gkaf643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf643","article-title":"Nucleolar FRG2 lncRNAs Inhibit rRNA Transcription and Cytoplasmic Translation, Linking FSHD to Dysregulation of Muscle-Specific Protein Synthesis","volume":"53","author":"Salsi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorrenti, V., Benedetti, F., Buriani, A., Fortinguerra, S., Caudullo, G., Davinelli, S., Zella, D., and Scapagnini, G. (2022). Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080912"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmedi.2025.100051","article-title":"Molecular Aspects of Metformin\u2019s Anti-Aging Properties for Muscle Function and Longevity in Drosophila Melanogaster","volume":"2","author":"Umekar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Precis. Medicat."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-022-02706-8","article-title":"Recent Advances and Limitations of mTOR Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa372","article-title":"The Effect of Daily Protein Supplementation, with or without Resistance Training for 1 Year, on Muscle Size, Strength, and Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"113","author":"Mertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100184","article-title":"Improving Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Whey Protein Supplementation with or without Resistance Training","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.U., Ali, R., Zhang, H., Zafar, M.H., and Wang, M. (2023). Research Progress in the Role and Mechanism of Leucine in Regulating Animal Growth and Development. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1252089"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422423000197","article-title":"The Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Muscle Protein Breakdown and Associated Molecular Signalling Responses in Humans: An Update","volume":"37","author":"Kaspy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-023-01360-1","article-title":"The Impact of Leucine Supplementation on Body Composition and Glucose Tolerance Following Energy Restriction: An 8-Week RCT in Adults at Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"78","author":"Pathak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-024-00820-0","article-title":"Amino Acids Regulating Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Mechanisms of Action, Physical Training Dosage Recommendations and Adverse Effects","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, L., and Li, S. (2023). Advances in Nutritional Supplementation for Sarcopenia Management. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1189522"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.06.007","article-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Sarcopenia Management: From Traditional Interventions to Personalized Medicine","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omton.2024.200771","article-title":"Targeting the Ribosome to Treat Multiple Myeloma","volume":"32","author":"Maclachlan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13481","article-title":"Protein-enriched Soup and Weekly Exercise Improve Muscle Health: A Randomized Trial in Mid-to-old Age with Inadequate Protein Intake","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105323","article-title":"Supplementation with \u03b2-Hydroxy-\u03b2-Methylbutyrate after Resistance Training in Post-Acute Care Patients with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"119","author":"Marco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2348549","article-title":"Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intakes for Mitigating Sarcopenia in Humans","volume":"65","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13340","article-title":"Ribosome Biogenesis-based Predictive Biomarkers in Endocrine Therapy (Anastrozole) Combined with mTOR Inhibitor (Vistusertib) in Endometrial Cancer: Translational Study from the VICTORIA Trial in Collaboration with the GINECO Group","volume":"17","author":"Mourksi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-024-00562-4","article-title":"Ribosome Profiling: A Powerful Tool in Oncological Research","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00054.2021","article-title":"Molecular Responses to Acute Exercise and Their Relevance for Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle to Exercise Training","volume":"103","author":"Egan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00242","article-title":"Mechanical Loading Modulates AMPK and mTOR Signaling in Muscle Cells","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoladz, J.A., Majerczak, J., Galganski, L., Grandys, M., Zapart-Bukowska, J., Kuczek, P., Ko\u0142odziejski, L., Walkowicz, L., Szymoniak-Choch\u00f3\u0142, D., and Kilarski, W. (2022). Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810843"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72088-6","article-title":"Endurance Exercise-Induced Histone Methylation Modification Involved in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Transition and Mitochondrial Biogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230375","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0375","article-title":"Ribosome Heterogeneity and Specialization","volume":"380","author":"Aspden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33263-3","article-title":"A Stem Cell Roadmap of Ribosome Heterogeneity Reveals a Function for RPL10A in Mesoderm Production","volume":"13","author":"Genuth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51258-0","article-title":"Calibrated Ribosome Profiling Assesses the Dynamics of Ribosomal Flux on Transcripts","volume":"15","author":"Tomuro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57955-8","article-title":"Structurally Heterogeneous Ribosomes Cooperate in Protein Synthesis in Bacterial Cells","volume":"16","author":"Kopetschke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06473-8","article-title":"The G-Quadruplex Ligand CX-5461: An Innovative Candidate for Disease Treatment","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01546-5","article-title":"Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting m6A Regulators","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2025.10","article-title":"Advancing CRISPR Genome Editing into Gene Therapy Clinical Trials: Progress and Future Prospects","volume":"27","author":"Cetin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-025-03109-y","article-title":"Targeting Ribosomes Reprograms the Tumour Microenvironment and Augments Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"133","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202206-1059ED","article-title":"Anabolic Resistance: An Uncomfortable Truth for Clinical Trials in Preventing Intensive Care\u2013Acquired Weakness and Physical Functional Impairment","volume":"206","author":"Puthucheary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05462-z","article-title":"Muscle Weakness after Critical Illness: Unravelling Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Hurdles","volume":"29","author":"Pierre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-025-07949-3","article-title":"Altered Muscle Transcriptome as Molecular Basis of Long-Term Muscle Weakness in Survivors from Critical Illness","volume":"51","author":"Derese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aging Biomarker Consortium, Huang, N., Ge, M., Liu, X., Tian, X., Yin, P., Bao, Z., Cao, F., Shyh-Chang, N., and Dong, B. (2024). A Framework of Biomarkers for Skeletal Muscle Aging: A Consensus Statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium. Life Med., 3, lnaf001.","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemedi\/lnaf001"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s43166-023-00213-w","article-title":"Biomarkers of Sarcopenia: An Unmet Need","volume":"50","author":"Elwakil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. Rheumatol. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16479","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16479","article-title":"Pre- and Post-skeletal Muscle Biopsy Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Correlations with Histopathological Findings","volume":"31","author":"Forsting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poncelet, L., Richer, C., Gutierrez-Camino, A., Veres, T., and Sinnett, D. (2025). Long Circulating RNAs Packaged in Extracellular Vesicles: Prospects for Improved Risk Assessment in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26093956"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, C., Chen, S., Wang, C., Si, W., Wang, Z., Luo, Q., and Qi, C. (2025). tRNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biogenesis, Functions, and Therapeutic Targets. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1622248"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumi, K., Yamazaki, K., Nishii, R., Sakuda, M., Nakamura, K., Ashida, K., Tamura, K., and Higashi, T. (2024). Unique Advantages of Dynamic l-[11C]Methionine PET\/CT for Assessing the Rate of Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis: A Pilot Trial in Young Men. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305620"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAteer, M.A., McGowan, D.R., Cook, G.J.R., Leung, H.Y., Ng, T., O\u2019Connor, J.P.B., Aloj, L., Barnes, A., Blower, P.J., and Brindle, K.M. (2025). Translation of PET Radiotracers for Cancer Imaging: Recommendations from the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) Consensus Meeting. BMC Med., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03831-z"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06949-1","article-title":"Spatial Multi-Omics in Whole Skeletal Muscle Reveals Complex Tissue Architecture","volume":"7","author":"Pisterzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.02.015","article-title":"Omics-Based Approaches for the Systematic Profiling of Mitochondrial Biology","volume":"83","author":"Sutandy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caputo, V., Letteri, I., Santini, S.J., Sinatti, G., and Balsano, C. (2025). Towards Precision in Sarcopenia Assessment: The Challenges of Multimodal Data Analysis in the Era of AI. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094428"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13784","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13784","article-title":"Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Biomarkers Linked to Lower Muscle Mass, Function and Physical Performance in Sarcopenia","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60977-x","article-title":"The Mitochondrial Methylation Potential Gates Mitoribosome Assembly","volume":"16","author":"Glasgow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01211-4","article-title":"Socialized Mitochondria: Mitonuclear Crosstalk in Stress","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surya, A., Bolton, B.M., Rothe, R., Mejia-Trujillo, R., Zhao, Q., Leonita, A., Liu, Y., Rangan, R., Gorusu, Y., and Nguyen, P. (2024). Cytosolic Ribosomal Protein Haploinsufficiency Affects Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiration. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.16.589775"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitareja, K., Chelliah, S.S., Sanij, E., Sandhu, S., Kang, J., and Khot, A. (2025). Ribosome Biogenesis and Function in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17152534"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/3\/406\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:36:32Z","timestamp":1773293792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/3\/406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":215,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biom16030406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom16030406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]}}}