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The enrichment of mast cells in specific areas of the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, together with their degranulation, histamine and neuropeptide secretion, such as substance P, and mast cell\u2013microglia interactions, may promote neuroinflammatory signaling in neurological and psychiatric disorders during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this review is to explore the mast cell-related molecular aspects of the main neuropsychiatric disorders of the developmental period, such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy, as well as anxiety and depression. The translational analysis of molecular pathways and the relationships involved may contribute to the development of innovative and targeted therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:26:12Z","timestamp":1775121972000},"page":"530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of Mast Cells and Neuroinflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of the Developmental Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Aitella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology and Psychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents, ASL 1 Abruzzo Avezzano\u2013Sulmona\u2013L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7891-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Azzellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Complex Operational Unit, Adriatic District Area, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"De Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Long-Term Care Unit, \u201cMaria SS. dello Splendore\u201d Hospital, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64021 Giulianova, Italy"},{"name":"UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1206-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Roncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions in Mental Health, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, S. 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