{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:55:48Z","timestamp":1785412548416,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DFG","award":["HE 1877\/24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 1877\/24-1"]}]},{"name":"DFG","award":["Monika Stoll STO STO 352\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Monika Stoll STO STO 352\/9-1"]}]},{"award":["HE 1877\/24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 1877\/24-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8e1c02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Monika Stoll STO STO 352\/9-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Monika Stoll STO STO 352\/9-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v8e1c02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Clinical presentation of anterior uveitis affecting the iris is nearly identical in patients with juvenile idiopathic-associated uveitis (JIAU) and patients with antinuclear antibody-positive anterior uveitis (ANA-U). This study investigates whether the iris transcriptomes of patients with JIAU or ANA-U differ or reflect the clinical homogeneity. Methods: Iris biopsies were obtained from patients with JIAU (n = 31) or ANA-U (n = 9) during trabeculectomy, iridectomy, or complex cataract surgery. Frozen iris tissues were homogenized, the RNA was isolated and analyzed using a bulk RNA sequencing approach. Genes with a Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) p \u2264 0.05 and a log2 fold change (FC) of &gt;1 or &lt;\u22121 were defined as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway enrichment analysis was subsequently performed to characterize these DEGs. Results: The JIAU group included nine male and 22 female patients (median age 10.2 [IQR 7.2, 13.7] years), while the ANA-U group consisted of one male and eight female patients (median age 10.2 years (IQR [6.1, 11.7]) years). No DEGs were identified when comparing the iris transcriptomes of JIAU and ANA-U directly. Subgroup analyses based on disease activity revealed 35 DEGs in ANA-U, one DEG in JIAU. Inter-group comparisons based on uveitis activity status yielded no DEGs. In the merged JIAU\/ANA-U cohort, 28 DEGs were upregulated in the active vs. inactive uveitis. Regarding secondary glaucoma, 12 DEGs were identified in JIAU, and 15 DEGs were identified in the corresponding ANA-U subgroup. Inter-group comparisons based on glaucoma status yielded no DEGs. In the merged JIAU\/ANA-U cohort, 20 DEGs were identified between patients with and without glaucoma. Conclusions: Our findings reveal only marginal differences in gene expression patterns in iris tissues from JIAU and ANA-U patients. These results suggest a high degree of similarity in the underlying inflammatory processes of both uveitis subsets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:10:27Z","timestamp":1775448627000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis Suggests Overlapping Molecular Pathogenesis in JIA-Associated and ANA-Positive Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maren","family":"Kasper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Leyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Witten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Genomik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Wortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Walet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Schell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleio","family":"Petratou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Genomik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2814-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e4t of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thabo","family":"Lapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2711-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Genomik, Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Heiligenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtha Lab and Department of Ophthalmology, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Universit\u00e4t of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.11.009","article-title":"Chronic anterior uveitis in children: Clinical characteristics and complications","volume":"147","author":"Holland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. 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