{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:19:19Z","timestamp":1785403159659,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006301","name":"CIBER","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CB22\/11\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB22\/11\/00027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006484","name":"Vifor Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00daeq584","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) is frequent in patients with heart failure (HF) and is correlated with adverse outcomes, yet its involvement in HF pathophysiology is not fully understood. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is the central feature of HF. We aimed to compare the effects of isoproterenol (ISO), a \u03b2-adrenergic agonist (SNS stimulation), with those of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DEF), to evaluate how \u03b2-adrenergic stimulation influences cardiac iron. In this study, H9c2 cardiac cells were challenged with ISO, DEF or both and several parameters related to iron metabolism were analyzed. In all cases, the cells decreased their intracellular iron levels. ISO induced alterations in key cardiac iron metabolism molecules that were, in most cases, comparable to those elicited by DEF, emphasizing the direct impact of \u03b2-adrenergic stimuli on iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nevertheless, unlike DEF, ISO triggered a shift in mitochondrial energy metabolism. These findings suggest that \u03b2-adrenergic stimulation, as a major component of neurohormonal activation, may contribute to the development of ID in cardiac cells, highlighting the importance of iron homeostasis and the need to further investigate iron dysregulation in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1776169436000},"page":"582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron Matters: Comparative Impact of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation and Iron Chelation on Cardiac Iron Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Josep","family":"Francesch-Manzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Tajes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Ramos-Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Heart Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardio-Oncology Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology,  Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Enjuanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Heart Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2916-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria del Mar","family":"Ras-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Santa Caterina Hospital,  Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1222-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Eunice","family":"Cosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Marinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Enrich-Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laia","family":"Lorenzo-Esteller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Heart Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Jos\u00e9-Baz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8780-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Com\u00edn-Colet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL),  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Heart Institute, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Community Heart Failure Program, Cardiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital,  L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.549","article-title":"Medical resource use and expenditure in patients with chronic heart failure: A population-based analysis of 88,195 patients","volume":"18","author":"Vela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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