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This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, as emerging biomarkers and mediators in vascular conditions. The review evaluates the biological mechanisms of EVs across several disorders, including arterial aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, carotid stenosis, and venous thromboembolism. Findings indicate that EVs concentration and molecular cargo, particularly microRNAs and proteins, reflect the physiological state of parent cells, offering a \u201cliquid biopsy\u201d for vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and plaque vulnerability. Furthermore, the review explores the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived EVs in promoting angiogenesis and tissue repair in chronic vascular ulcers. Despite these advances, the review concludes that the clinical implementation of EV-based diagnostics faces significant hurdles, primarily due to the lack of standardized isolation and characterization methods. Addressing these methodological challenges is crucial for translating EV research into routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:37:42Z","timestamp":1776677862000},"page":"608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Vascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Andreucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1011-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ielapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Faga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0257-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Medical management of risk factors for vascular 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