{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:28:28Z","timestamp":1789522108169,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515012072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82471818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471818"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82171770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171770"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophage-mediated inflammation is a key driver of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). M1 macrophage polarization relies on metabolic reprogramming, yet the upstream regulatory factors remain unclear. Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A), a MYST-family acetyltransferase, regulates transcriptional programs in immune cells, but its role in macrophage function and ALI progression remains unknown. Public single-cell and bulk transcriptomic datasets were used to assess KAT6A expression changes and its association with inflammatory and metabolic pathways in macrophages. KAT6A inhibition with WM1119 was used to evaluate effects on M1 polarization, cytokine production, metabolic reprogramming, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. The therapeutic potential of KAT6A inhibition was validated in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model by assessing lung injury, bacterial clearance, and survival. KAT6A expression was upregulated in sepsis and particularly enriched in M1 macrophages. Inhibition of KAT6A reduced inflammatory and glycolytic transcriptional programs, suppressed glycolysis and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, leading to decreased cytokine production and limited M1 polarization accompanied by suppression of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. In CLP-induced septic mice, treatment with the KAT6A inhibitor WM1119 alleviated lung injury, improved bacterial clearance, and prolonged survival. KAT6A expression is associated with macrophage glucose metabolism, pro-inflammatory responses, and M1 macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of KAT6A may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing macrophage-driven lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16040609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lysine Acetyltransferase 6A Drives M1 Macrophage Polarization Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2810-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7974-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengshi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niansheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2742-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospitalof Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","article-title":"Incidence and Mortality of Hospital- and ICU-Treated Sepsis: Results from an Updated and Expanded Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"46","author":"Mellhammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1585","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1585","article-title":"Sepsis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management","volume":"353","author":"Gotts","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R150","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8048","article-title":"Mortality in Sepsis versus Non-Sepsis Induced Acute Lung Injury","volume":"13","author":"Sevransky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, W.-J., Wan, Y.-D., Tie, H.-T., Kan, Q.-C., and Sun, T.-W. (2014). Risk of Acute Lung Injury\/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Adult Patients with Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090426"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","article-title":"Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury","volume":"353","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107791","article-title":"The Roles of Macrophage Polarization in the Host Immune Response to Sepsis","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12034","article-title":"Macrophage Biology in Development, Homeostasis and Disease","volume":"496","author":"Wynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130327","article-title":"The Pathogenesis of Sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Osuchowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11862","article-title":"Metabolism of Inflammation Limited by AMPK and Pseudo-Starvation","volume":"493","author":"Hardie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.008","article-title":"HIF Transcription Factors, Inflammation, and Immunity","volume":"41","author":"Palazon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg Effect: The Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation","volume":"324","author":"Cantley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.326480","article-title":"YAP-Induced Glycolysis Drives Fibroinflammation and Disrupts Fibroblast Fidelity","volume":"137","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.157663","article-title":"Xiebai San Mediates the NCOA2-ESR1\/2 Signaling Pathway to Intervene in Interstitial Pneumonia","volume":"150","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00372-6","article-title":"Delta-like Ligand 4 Mediated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Metabolic Reprogramming Promotes Neoadjuvant Therapy Resistance in Titin-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111770","article-title":"GABA Regulates IL-1\u03b2 Production in Macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi8602","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi8602","article-title":"Lactate Supports a Metabolic-Epigenetic Link in Macrophage Polarization","volume":"7","author":"Noe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03035-2","article-title":"Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Differences between Low-Grade Inflammation and Severe Exhaustion in LPS-Challenged Murine Monocytes","volume":"5","author":"Naler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.016","article-title":"Lysine Acetyltransferase 6A Maintains CD4+ T Cell Response via Epigenetic Reprogramming of Glucose Metabolism in Autoimmunity","volume":"36","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0387-5","article-title":"Inhibitors of Histone Acetyltransferases KAT6A\/B Induce Senescence and Arrest Tumour Growth","volume":"560","author":"Baell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6190","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1388","article-title":"Histone Acetyltransferase KAT6A Upregulates PI3K\/AKT Signaling through TRIM24 Binding","volume":"77","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.33","article-title":"MOZ (MYST3, KAT6A) Inhibits Senescence via the INK4A-ARF Pathway","volume":"34","author":"Sheikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.12.016","article-title":"MOZ Forms an Autoregulatory Feedback Loop with miR-223 in AML and Monocyte\/Macrophage Development","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7852742","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7852742","article-title":"The Kat in the HAT: The Histone Acetyl Transferase Kat6b (MYST4) Is Downregulated in Murine Macrophages in Response to LPS","volume":"2018","author":"Shukla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14203","article-title":"KAT6A Promotes Macrophage Inflammation and Periodontitis","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-058-8_23","article-title":"Murine Model of Polymicrobial Septic Peritonitis Using Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)","volume":"602","author":"Medina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Li, X., Li, C., Jin, J., Wang, D., Zhao, Y., Gu, Y., Chen, M., Zhu, S., and Liu, H. (2020). CD39+ Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Autophagy and the ERK\/FOS Pathway. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.602605"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.021","article-title":"CD39 Limits P2X7 Receptor Inflammatory Signaling and Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury","volume":"67","author":"Savio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bi, X., Jiang, B., Zhou, J., Fan, X., Yan, X., Liang, J., Luo, L., and Yin, Z. (2021). CBP Bromodomain Inhibition Rescues Mice From Lethal Sepsis Through Blocking HMGB1-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.625542"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pdb.prot5080","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot5080","article-title":"Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications","volume":"2008","author":"Weischenfeldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53006-w","article-title":"MDM2 Induces Pro-Inflammatory and Glycolytic Responses in M1 Macrophages by Integrating iNOS-Nitric Oxide and HIF-1\u03b1 Pathways in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01338-y","article-title":"Macrophage-Derived VISTA Engages with LRIG1 and Hinders Gut Epithelial Repair in Colitis","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01610-0","article-title":"The Small Inhibitor WM-1119 Effectively Targets KAT6A-Rearranged AML, but Not KMT2A-Rearranged AML, despite Shared KAT6 Genetic Dependency","volume":"17","author":"Sheridan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"Limma Powers Differential Expression Analyses for RNA-Sequencing and Microarray Studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: A Universal Enrichment Tool for Interpreting Omics Data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59786-z","article-title":"TIGIT Deficiency Promotes Autoreactive CD4+ T-Cell Responses through a Metabolic\u2013epigenetic Mechanism in Autoimmune Myositis","volume":"16","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3593","article-title":"Control of Intestinal Stem Cell Function and Proliferation by Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Schell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.005","article-title":"Pyruvate Kinase M2 Regulates Hif-1\u03b1 Activity and IL-1\u03b2 Induction and Is a Critical Determinant of the Warburg Effect in LPS-Activated Macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Curtis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2025.09.009","article-title":"Immunometabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages by Gut Microbiota-Derived Cadaverine Controls Colon Inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Formiga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123626","article-title":"A Metallic Metabolic Nano-Regulator Reprograms the PKM2\/HIF-1\u03b1\/DLAT Axis to Amplify Tumor-Specific Cuproptosis","volume":"325","author":"Zhan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518000113","article-title":"Proinflammatory Signal Suppresses Proliferation and Shifts Macrophage Metabolism from Myc-Dependent to HIF1\u03b1-Dependent","volume":"113","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80291-4","article-title":"LncRNA HOTAIR Regulates Glucose Transporter Glut1 Expression and Glucose Uptake in Macrophages during Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Obaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.83163","article-title":"5-Aminolevulinate and CHIL3\/CHI3L1 Treatment amid Ischemia Aids Liver Metabolism and Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.2.537","article-title":"Metabolic and Functonal Studies on Activated Mouse Macrophages","volume":"137","author":"Stubbs","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073","article-title":"Protective and Pathogenic Functions of Macrophage Subsets","volume":"11","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"14","article-title":"Dynamic-Covalent Hybrid Hydrogels with Cartilaginous Immune Microenvironment Temporally Regulating Meniscus Regeneration","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302909","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302909","article-title":"Retinal Microenvironment-Protected Rhein-GFFYE Nanofibers Attenuate Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Microglial\/Macrophage M1\/M2 Polarization","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400140","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400140","article-title":"KAT6A Condensates Impair PARP1 Trapping of PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., and Wang, Z. (2023). The Role of Macrophages Polarization in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1209438"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07405-6","article-title":"Blimp-1 Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization and Metabolic Homeostasis via Purine Biosynthesis in Sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39805","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c12658","article-title":"Natural Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles as a Multifaceted Sepsis Therapeutic to Sequester Inflammatory and Toxic Mediators","volume":"19","author":"Hoffman","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"775","article-title":"Precision Immunotherapy to Improve Sepsis Outcomes: The ImmunoSep Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"335","author":"Kotsaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104502","article-title":"Immunobiology and Application of Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists to Augment Host Resistance to Infection","volume":"150","author":"Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36258","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08486","article-title":"Mito-Specific \u201cTrojan Horse\u201d Nanotherapy: Synergistic Antitumor Immunotherapy via Dual Modulation Mitochondrial Metabolism and Glycolysis","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1","article-title":"Macrophages in Immunoregulation and Therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402593","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2402593","article-title":"Sirtuin1 Targeting Reverses Innate and Adaptive Immune Tolerance in Septic Mice","volume":"2018","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06209","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202506209","article-title":"Endothelial-Derived CCL7 Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Aggravates Septic Acute Lung Injury via CCR1-Mediated STAT1 Succinylation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.064","article-title":"Succinate Dehydrogenase Supports Metabolic Repurposing of Mitochondria to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages","volume":"167","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109264","article-title":"MYC-Mediated Early Glycolysis Negatively Regulates Proinflammatory Responses by Controlling IRF4 in Inflammatory Macrophages","volume":"35","author":"Bae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-594655","article-title":"MOZ Regulates B-Cell Progenitors and, Consequently, Moz Haploinsufficiency Dramatically Retards MYC-Induced Lymphoma Development","volume":"125","author":"Sheikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-1459","article-title":"KAT6A and ENL Form an Epigenetic Transcriptional Control Module to Drive Critical Leukemogenic Gene-Expression Programs","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804343","article-title":"Increased Inflammation, Impaired Bacterial Clearance, and Metabolic Disruption after Gram-Negative Sepsis in Mkp-1-Deficient Mice","volume":"183","author":"Frazier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2023-0456OC","article-title":"TRPV4 Regulates the Macrophage Metabolic Response to Limit Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury","volume":"70","author":"Orsini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0135-9","article-title":"Early Severe Impairment of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Bone Marrow Caused by CLP Sepsis and Endotoxemia in a Humanized Mice Model","volume":"6","author":"Skirecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/4\/609\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:32:42Z","timestamp":1776688362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/4\/609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["biom16040609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom16040609","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}