{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:33:35Z","timestamp":1792751615586,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020051","name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JATS [2023]447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JATS [2023]447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-41-G23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G23"]}]},{"award":["CARS-41-G23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G23"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chicken coccidiosis, a severe intestinal parasitic disease caused by Eimeria protozoa, causes substantial annual economic losses to the global poultry industry. This study focused on investigating the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in modulating chicken innate immune responses against Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infections. Here, we show that TRAF6 is sensitive to the process of E. tenella infection, and cecal tissue responds to the early infection of E. tenella by up-regulating the expression of TRAF6. Specifically, TRAF6 overexpression enhances E. tenella-induced activation of the NF-\u03baB pathway (a core innate immune signaling cascade), thereby promoting host inflammatory cytokines production and cell apoptosis, while TRAF6 knockdown mitigates these pathological effects. Mechanistically, TRAF6-mediated regulation of NF-\u03baB pathway activation and inflammatory responses during E. tenella infection can be specifically targeted by key microRNAs (miRNA), gga-miR-7b, in chickens. Taken together, this study identifies that TRAF6 plays an important regulatory role in innate immune response against E. tenella infection, providing novel insights into host\u2013parasite interactions and potential targets for coccidiosis control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16050655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:34:42Z","timestamp":1777458882000},"page":"655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TRAF6, a gga-miR-7b Target, Promotes Eimeria tenella-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chickens by Activating NF-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7471-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areej","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaizhou","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8109-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guojun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101239","article-title":"Survey of coccidia on commercial broiler farms in Colombia: Frequency of Eimeria species, anticoccidial sensitivity, and histopathology","volume":"100","author":"Mesa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, J., Wang, Q., Yu, H., Dong, L., Tang, M., Arif, A., Zhang, G., Zhang, T., Xie, K., and Su, S. (2024). A Comparison of the Cecal Microbiota between the Infection and Recovery Periods in Chickens with Different Susceptibilities to Eimeria tenella. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14182709"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.071","article-title":"Research Note: Correlation analysis of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 gene expression in chicken spleen and cecal tissues after Eimeria tenella infection in vivo","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03634","article-title":"Milestones in avian coccidiosis research: A review","volume":"93","author":"Chapman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Osorio, S., Chaparro-Guti\u00e9rrez, J.J., and G\u00f3mez-Osorio, L.M. (2020). Overview of Poultry Eimeria Life Cycle and Host-Parasite Interactions. Front. Vet. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00384"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001562","article-title":"Life cycle stages, specific organelles and invasion mechanisms of Eimeria species","volume":"147","author":"Burrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macdonald, S.E., Nolan, M.J., Harman, K., Boulton, K., Hume, D.A., Tomley, F.M., Stabler, R.A., and Blake, D.P. (2017). Effects of Eimeria tenella infection on chicken caecal microbiome diversity, exploring variation associated with severity of pathology. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184890"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, J., Dong, L., Tang, M., Arif, A., Zhang, H., Zhang, G., Zhang, T., Xie, K., Su, S., and Zhao, Z. (2025). Metagenomic Analysis Reveals the Characteristics of Cecal Microbiota in Chickens with Different Levels of Resistance During Recovery from Eimeria tenella Infection. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15101500"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101329","article-title":"Evaluation of a subunit vaccine candidate (Biotech Vac Cox) against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Gumina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y., Lu, M., and Lillehoj, H.S. (2022). Coccidiosis: Recent Progress in Host Immunity and Alternatives to Antibiotic Strategies. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020215"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12411","DOI":"10.1021\/jf304149d","article-title":"Can the use of coccidiostats in poultry breeding lead to residues in vegetables? An experimental study","volume":"60","author":"Broekaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.04.004","article-title":"Role of antibody in immunity and control of chicken coccidiosis","volume":"26","author":"Wallach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12302","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor- associated factor 6 (TRAF6) regulation of development, function, and homeostasis of the immune system","volume":"266","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00888","article-title":"Distinct molecular mechanism for initiating TRAF6 signalling","volume":"418","author":"Ye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.09.001","article-title":"The role of TRAF6 in signal transduction and the immune response","volume":"6","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-2187-8-7","article-title":"TRAF molecules in cell signaling and in human diseases","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Signal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4750","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-242768","article-title":"TRAF6 inhibits Th17 differentiation and TGF-beta-mediated suppression of IL-2","volume":"115","author":"Cejas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.623","article-title":"Characterization of the roles of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 in CD40-mediated B lymphocyte effector functions","volume":"164","author":"Jalukar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi, T., Kim, T.S., Jacob, A., Walsh, M.C., Kadono, Y., Fuentes-Panan\u00e1, E., Yoshioka, T., Yoshimura, A., Yamamoto, M., and Kaisho, T. (2009). TRAF6 is required for generation of the B-1a B cell compartment as well as T cell-dependent and -independent humoral immune responses. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004736"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5662-5667.2004","article-title":"TRAF6-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation differentially regulates the production of interleukin-12 by macrophages in response to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"72","author":"Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2047384","article-title":"TRAF6 autophagic degradation by avibirnavirus VP3 inhibits antiviral innate immunity via blocking NFKB\/NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"18","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI150224","article-title":"SLAMF7 regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis","volume":"133","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.01.002","article-title":"Upregulation of chicken TLR4, TLR15 and MyD88 in heterophils and monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Eimeria tenella in vitro","volume":"133","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00885-8","article-title":"Activation of ChTLR15\/ChNF-\u03baB-ChNLRP3\/ChIL-1\u03b2 signaling transduction pathway mediated inflammatory responses to E. tenella infection","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102538","article-title":"Efficacy of three different cervical dislocation methods for on-farm killing of layer chicks","volume":"102","author":"Bandara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.20.0529","article-title":"Effect of myoglobin, hemin, and ferric iron on quality of chicken breast meat","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Mi, C., Wang, Q., Dai, G., Zhang, T., Zhang, G., Xie, K., and Zhao, Z. (2022). Long noncoding RNA profiling reveals that LncRNA BTN3A2 inhibits the host inflammatory response to Eimeria tenella infection in chickens. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891001"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630012074","article-title":"MFPPI-Multi FASTA ProtParam Interface","volume":"12","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, H., Li, Y., Chen, J., Xian, J., Zheng, L., Sun, H., Fan, S., Fu, J., Li, Q., and Chen, C. (2023). Identification and genetic characteristics of tusavirus in fecal samples of patients with chronic diseases in Guangzhou, China. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1205134"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315","article-title":"Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: Application to complete genomes","volume":"305","author":"Krogh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.259","article-title":"Involvement of TRAF6 in regulating immune defense and ovarian development in Musca domestica","volume":"153","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3310","article-title":"Sequence and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites","volume":"294","author":"Blom","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427","article-title":"SWISS-MODEL: Homology modelling of protein structures and complexes","volume":"46","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131807","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals that gga-miR-2954 inhibits the inflammatory response against Eimeria tenella infection","volume":"269","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.1","article-title":"Autophagy induced by DAMPs facilitates the inflammation response in lungs undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury through promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.012","article-title":"Dendritic cell expression of the signaling molecule TRAF6 is critical for gut microbiota-dependent immune tolerance","volume":"38","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65414","article-title":"Medullary thymic epithelial cell depletion leads to autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"123","author":"Bonito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00150-8","article-title":"Cell: Sporozoite interactions and invasion by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria","volume":"31","author":"Augustine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945042000195786","article-title":"Walter T. Johnson (1892 to 1937): Pioneer of coccidiosis research in the fowl","volume":"33","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01228","article-title":"Eimeria tenella oocyst shedding and output in cecal or fecal contents following experimental challenge in broilers","volume":"90","author":"Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4733","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family: Adapter proteins that mediate cytokine signaling","volume":"254","author":"Inoue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00160-7","article-title":"The TNF-receptor-associated factor family: Scaffold molecules for cytokine receptors, kinases and their regulators","volume":"13","author":"Wajant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.236.139","article-title":"TNF Receptor-Associated Factor (TRAF) Signaling Network in CD4(+) T-Lymphocytes","volume":"236","author":"So","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12311","article-title":"Targeting signaling factors for degradation, an emerging mechanism for TRAF functions","volume":"266","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12240","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c00520","article-title":"Divergent Regulatory Roles of Transcriptional Variants of the Chicken LDB3 Gene in Muscle Shaping","volume":"72","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2874","article-title":"High doses of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate a tolerogenic TLR9-TRIF pathway","volume":"4","author":"Volpi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.19","article-title":"NOD2 downregulates colonic inflammation by IRF4-mediated inhibition of K63-linked polyubiquitination of RICK and TRAF6","volume":"7","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2390","article-title":"OX40 signaling favors the induction of TH9 cells and airway inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.100339","article-title":"Conditional targeting of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 reveals opposing functions of Toll-like receptor signaling in endothelial and myeloid cells in a mouse model of atherosclerosis","volume":"126","author":"Polykratis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91075","article-title":"TNF superfamily receptor OX40 triggers invariant NKT cell pyroptosis and liver injury","volume":"127","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.342","article-title":"Socs1 and Socs3 degrades Traf6 via polyubiquitination in LPS-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, N., Huang, C., Chen, W., Li, Z., Hu, G., Li, G., Liu, P., Hu, R., Zhuang, Y., and Luo, J. (2022). Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Mediates Kidney Injury in Chickens via the TLR7\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Axis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.865283"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Ding, X., Wang, Y., Li, D., Xie, L., Liang, S., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Fu, A., and Zhan, X. (2022). Bacterial Metabolite Reuterin Attenuated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response in HD11 Macrophages. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091662"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139901","article-title":"CircNIPBLL modulates the inflammatory response against Eimeria tenella infection via sponging gga-miR-2954","volume":"297","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Huang, Y., Zhang, S., Guo, L., Wu, R., Fang, X., Chen, X., Xu, H., and Nie, Q. (2022). CircDCLRE1C Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis by Regulating miR-214b-3p\/STAT3 Pathway in Macrophages. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126822"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0365-2","article-title":"Chicken gga-miR-1306-5p targets Tollip and plays an important role in host response against Salmonella enteritidis infection","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.082701.108","article-title":"Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs","volume":"19","author":"Friedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2023.04.010","article-title":"miR-27b-5p regulates chicken liver disease via targeting IRS2 to suppress the PI3K\/AKT signal pathway","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3185","article-title":"Insights into the regulation of protein abundance from proteomic and transcriptomic analyses","volume":"13","author":"Vogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10098","article-title":"Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control","volume":"473","author":"Busse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2011.10.001","article-title":"Understanding the mechanism of IL-1\u03b2 secretion","volume":"22","author":"Brough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06321-x","article-title":"Effects of host fatty acid-binding protein 4 on Eimeria tenella sporozoites invasion of cells","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103445","article-title":"Role of Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway on inhibiting activation of ChTLR15\/ChNLRP3 inflammatory pathway stimulated by E. tenella sporozoites","volume":"103","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghiselli, F., Rossi, B., Felici, M., Parigi, M., Tosi, G., Fiorentini, L., Massi, P., Piva, A., and Grilli, E. (2021). Isolation, culture, and characterization of chicken intestinal epithelial cells. BMC Mol. Cell Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-021-00349-7"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-06090-8","article-title":"A novel avian intestinal epithelial cell line: Its characterization and exploration as an in vitro infection culture model for Eimeria species","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/5\/655\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:37:03Z","timestamp":1777523823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/5\/655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["biom16050655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom16050655","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}