{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:56:41Z","timestamp":1790035001534,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this research is to assess the prevalence, intensity, and distribution of integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 expression in TNBC using immunohistochemistry and to evaluate its potential as a predictive biomarker for \u03b1v\u03b26-targeted radionuclide therapy and other \u03b1v\u03b26-targeted theranostic approaches. Immunohistochemical analysis of integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tumor samples from 48 patients with histologically confirmed TNBC. Staining intensity and the proportion of positive tumor cells were assessed using a semi-quantitative scoring system, and expression patterns were analyzed with regard to cellular localization and intratumoral heterogeneity. Moderate to strong integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 expression was observed in 43.8% of cases, with strong expression (\u226550% of tumor cells) present in 25%. Expression was predominantly membranous, with occasional cytoplasmic staining, and demonstrated marked inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 is frequently expressed in TNBC and represents a promising biomarker for patient selection in \u03b1v\u03b26-targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy. These findings provide a strong biological rationale for the clinical translation of integrin-targeted radioligands and support the development of personalized radiotheranostic strategies in TNBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16050706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:46:18Z","timestamp":1779381978000},"page":"706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Integrin \u03b26 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer as a Predictive Biomarker for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Radionuclides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0300-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muin","family":"Tuffaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Medical University Lausitz-Carl-Thiem, 03048 Cottbus, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Hananeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Bangemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Senology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University Lausitz-Carl-Thiem, 03048 Cottbus, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amro","family":"Tuffaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic, Pulmonology, Medical University Lausitz-Carl-Thiem, 03048 Cottbus, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8753-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Lausitz-Carl-Thiem, 03048 Cottbus, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04772-6","article-title":"Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets linked to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)","volume":"479","author":"Mustafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. 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