{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T05:06:16Z","timestamp":1779512776104,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","award":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0455"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project","award":["2026MSXM099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026MSXM099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a bacterium that breaks down mucus and is studied for its effects on metabolism and the immune system. Studies show that it affects Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) by protecting the gut barrier, reducing inflammation, and influencing communication between the immune system, the brain, and mitochondria. This review summarizes mechanistic, preclinical, and translational evidence connecting A. muciniphila to AD, including products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and structural or secreted proteins including Amuc_1100 and extracellular vesicles (AmEVs). We also discuss differences between bacterial strains, differences in research methods, and findings that change under different conditions, which make the results harder to interpret. Animal studies suggest neuroprotective effects, but clinical evidence is still limited. Clinical use will need human studies at the strain level, confirmation in humanized models, and early trials using biomarkers to test safety and causal effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16050726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1779444467000},"page":"726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Akkermansia muciniphila and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence and Translational Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushuang","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5101-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binglin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e70057","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of basal microbiota and cognitive function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A potential target for treatment or a contributor to disease progression?","volume":"16","author":"Villarino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.21","article-title":"Global Burden of Dementia Death from 1990 to 2019, with Projections to 2050: An Analysis of 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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