{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:16:52Z","timestamp":1784297812536,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study characterizes novel cross-linked polymeric composites based on bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BPA.DM) as the primary matrix, incorporating 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as active diluents, and modified with antimicrobial agents: zinc oxide (ZnO), copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4), nanosilver (Ag), and benzethonium chloride (BEN). Release kinetics of active components into water and LH medium were measured over 20 days using HPLC (bisphenol A, benzethonium chloride), GF AAS (Cu, Zn, Ag), and GC\u2013MS, revealing highest silver release from HEMA+Ag composites (1671 \u00b5g\/L), substantial copper release from HEMA (354 mg\/L) and NVP (319 mg\/L) systems, while benzethonium chloride exhibited significantly lower migration. The effect of NVP- and HEMA-containing composites on the metabolism of the Cerrena unicolor was also assessed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry confirmed extensive surface degradation by C. unicolor mycelium, manifesting as cracks, increased porosity, and altered surface across HEMA- and NVP-based composites after 21-day incubation. Biochemical analysis of the fungus post-culture liquids demonstrated that both composite types markedly enhanced extracellular laccase activity at all tested time points (7, 14, 21 days), with ethanol-sterilized samples inducing a slower-migrating laccase isoform identified via zymography. These materials also increased total protein concentration and superoxide anion radical levels while reducing phenolic compounds relative to controls. The findings demonstrate that antimicrobial-modified BPA.DM composites not only undergo controlled biodegradation by C. unicolor but crucially serve as potential laccase inducers, highlighting their dual utility in bioactive material design and fungal enzyme biotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16050731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1779444467000},"page":"731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New Cross-Linked Polymeric Materials Modified with Antimicrobial Compounds in Relation to Their Biological Activities and Biodegradation by the Laccase-Producing Fungus Cerrena unicolor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3535-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Kie\u0142czewska-Klim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0183-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawid","family":"Stefaniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9899-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Gr\u0105z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3898-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Typek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Square 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5559-8546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Pawlikowska-Pawl\u0119ga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2991-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Podko\u015bcielna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-1820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Jaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683814020057","article-title":"Xylanase and Cellulase of Fungus Cerrena Unicolor VKM F-3196: Production, Properties, and Applications for the Saccharification of Plant Material","volume":"50","author":"Belova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. 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