{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:43:01Z","timestamp":1785426181101,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R21 CA162273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 CA162273"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R21 CA16227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 CA16227"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R21 CA199544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 CA199544"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P30CA134274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA134274"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AI095190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI095190"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI061061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI061061"]}]},{"name":"TEDCO"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024327","name":"Maryland Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CH-649-CRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH-649-CRF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CH-649-CRF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH-649-CRF"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e1t6r96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mike Slive Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer T (NKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity. The goal of the study was to assess NKT cell and T cell function in lymphoma patients and to investigate whether specific cytokines correlate with outcomes and\/or immune cell function. Patient diagnoses were confirmed by histology. NKT and T cell number and function were assessed by flow cytometry and stimulation with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) followed by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Cytokine expression levels were compared using online databases, and protein levels in the plasma were assessed by ELISA. NKT cell activation, indicated by at least 1.5-fold IFN-\u03b3 induction over baseline following stimulation, was detected in 82% of healthy donors, compared to 44% of lymphoma patients. Lymphoma patients have significantly higher levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-6, and Sema4D as compared to healthy donors. In addition, NKT cell function in the blood correlated with NKT cell function in the bone marrow in lymphoma patients. We found that aAPC-qPCR can be used to quickly assess immune cell function in cancer patients. Circulating NKT cell function positively correlated with bone marrow NKT cell function, suggesting that circulating NKT responses reflect systemic immune competence. Outcome-associated transcriptomic analyses showed that lower expression of TGF-\u03b2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-\u03b3 mRNA correlated with poorer clinical outcomes, whereas higher Sema4D expression was associated with worse prognosis, identifying Sema4D as a potential immunologic biomarker linked to disease progression and immune dysfunction in B cell lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16050749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:07:47Z","timestamp":1779444467000},"page":"749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural Killer T Cell Function in Lymphoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Derakhshandeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel B.","family":"Asiedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5781-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania H.","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonya J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf0095","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0095","article-title":"Early-life imprinting of unconventional T cells and tissue homeostasis","volume":"374","author":"Constantinides","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.12.5603","article-title":"Close phenotypic and functional similarities between human and murine ab T cells expressing invariant TCR a-chains","volume":"158","author":"Davodeau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.1.109","article-title":"Requirements for CD1d recognition by human invariant Va24+ CD4\u2212CD8\u2212 T cells","volume":"186","author":"Exley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.17.7518","article-title":"Dominant expression of a distinctive V14+ T-cell antigen receptor a chain in mice","volume":"88","author":"Koseki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.1171","article-title":"An invariant Va24-JaQ\/Vb11 T cell receptor is expressed in all individuals by clonally expanded CD4-8- T cells","volume":"180","author":"Dellabona","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141711","article-title":"The biology of NKT cells","volume":"25","author":"Bendelac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016201","article-title":"Natural killer T cells and other innate-like T lymphocytes as emerging platforms for allogeneic cancer cell therapy","volume":"141","author":"Courtney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson, A., Lukacs, J.D., and Johnston, B. (2021). The Current Landscape of NKT Cell Immunotherapy and the Hills Ahead. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13205174"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141057","article-title":"The regulatory role of Valpha14 NKT cells in innate and acquired immune response","volume":"21","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5140","article-title":"NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells","volume":"171","author":"Hermans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030324","article-title":"Activation of natural killer T cells by alpha-galactosylceramide rapidly induces the full maturation of dendritic cells in vivo and thereby acts as an adjuvant for combined CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity to a coadministered protein","volume":"198","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"82","article-title":"NKT Cell Responses to B Cell Lymphoma","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujii, S.I., Shimizu, K., Okamoto, Y., Kunii, N., Nakayama, T., Motohashi, S., and Taniguchi, M. (2013). NKT Cells as an Ideal Anti-Tumor Immunotherapeutic. Front. Immunol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00409"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720803","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/720803","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells as novel targets for immunotherapy in solid tumors","volume":"2012","author":"Pilones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.03.026","article-title":"Development of a qPCR method to rapidly assess the function of NKT cells","volume":"407","author":"Sohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.12.009","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells generated from human adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells are poly-functional","volume":"72","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2017.06.003","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer and natural killer T cells for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"187","author":"Bollino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95ra73","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002842","article-title":"T cells with chimeric antigen receptors have potent antitumor effects and can establish memory in patients with advanced leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Kalos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103849","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia","volume":"365","author":"Porter","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407222","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia","volume":"371","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"190","article-title":"Genetic engineering of T cells in leukemia and lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Adv. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.004","article-title":"Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Therapy for Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83476","article-title":"CD62L+ NKT cells have prolonged persistence and antitumor activity in vivo","volume":"126","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0199-6","article-title":"Targeted therapies in gynecological cancers: A comprehensive review of clinical evidence","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1329","article-title":"Allogeneic CAR Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Exert Potent Antitumor Effects through Host CD8 T-Cell Cross-Priming","volume":"27","author":"Simonetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44310-y","article-title":"IL-12 reprograms CAR-expressing natural killer T cells to long-lived Th1-polarized cells with potent antitumor activity","volume":"15","author":"Landoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-541235","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells with chimeric antigen receptor provide a novel platform for safe and effective cancer immunotherapy","volume":"124","author":"Heczey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.08.017","article-title":"Enhanced Anti-lymphoma Activity of CAR19-iNKT Cells Underpinned by Dual CD19 and CD1d Targeting","volume":"34","author":"Rotolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.09.026","article-title":"Allogeneic stem cell-engineered EGFRvIII-specific CAR-NKT cells for treating glioblastoma with enhanced efficacy and safety","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-026-02930-5","article-title":"Synergizing hypomethylating agents with off-the-shelf CD70-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer T cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derakhshandeh, R., Zhu, Y., Li, J., Hester, D., Younis, R., Koka, R., Jones, L.P., Sun, W., Goloubeva, O., and Tkaczuk, K. (2024). Identification of Functional Immune Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212309"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.05.003","article-title":"Ex vivo induction and expansion of natural killer T cells by CD1d1-Ig coated artificial antigen presenting cells","volume":"346","author":"Webb","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder-Cappione, J.E., Tincati, C., Eccles-James, I.G., Cappione, A.J., Ndhlovu, L.C., Koth, L.L., and Nixon, D.F. (2010). A comprehensive ex vivo functional analysis of human NKT cells reveals production of MIP1-\u03b1 and MIP1-\u03b2, a lack of IL-17, and a Th1-bias in males. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015412"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11126","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24277","article-title":"Semaphorin 4D in human head and neck cancer tissue and peripheral blood: A dense fibrotic peri-tumoral stromal phenotype","volume":"9","author":"Derakhshandeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.5.1916","article-title":"Suppression of T cell proliferation by tumor-induced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells producing transforming growth factor-beta and nitric oxide","volume":"156","author":"Young","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"Cr33-7","article-title":"Expression of TGF beta1 genes and their receptor types I, II, and III in low- and high-grade malignancy non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"10","author":"Woszczyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20998","article-title":"Peripheral blood IFN-gamma-secreting Valpha24+Vbeta11+ NKT cell numbers are decreased in cancer patients independent of tumor type or tumor load","volume":"116","author":"Molling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7957","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.7232","article-title":"Imbalance in circulatory iNKT, Th17 and T regulatory cell frequencies in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Hus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042592","article-title":"Sustained expansion of NKT cells and antigen-specific T cells after injection of alpha-galactosyl-ceramide loaded mature dendritic cells in cancer patients","volume":"201","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1453","article-title":"A phase I study of alpha-galactosylceramide (KRN7000)-pulsed dendritic cells in patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1545","article-title":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray","volume":"103","author":"Hans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Zhou, Y., Hua, H.Y., Zhang, Y., Zhu, W.Y., Wang, Z.Q., Li, J., Gao, H.Q., Wu, X.H., and Lu, T.X. (2018). Inflammation marker ESR is effective in predicting outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4914-4"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.001","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 in Cancer","volume":"134","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3272","article-title":"Effect of conditional knockout of the type II TGF-beta receptor gene in mammary epithelia on mammary gland development and polyomavirus middle T antigen induced tumor formation and metastasis","volume":"65","author":"Forrester","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24961","article-title":"Blockade of TGF-beta enhances tumor vaccine efficacy mediated by CD8(+) T cells","volume":"126","author":"Takaku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403671","article-title":"CD1d expression on B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia subsets with poor prognosis","volume":"19","author":"Fais","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2013.12.015","article-title":"CD1d expression is higher in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unfavorable prognosis","volume":"38","author":"Hus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-751065","article-title":"Invariant NKT cells contribute to chronic lymphocytic leukemia surveillance and prognosis","volume":"129","author":"Gorini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3369","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells: An innate activation scheme linked to diverse effector functions","volume":"13","author":"Brennan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/5\/749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:19:54Z","timestamp":1779509994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/5\/749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["biom16050749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom16050749","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]}}}