{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:33:56Z","timestamp":1785429236806,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"QUT MMPE ECR SEED","award":["323100-0520\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["323100-0520\/07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010203","name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0145znz58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotextured thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial coatings for biomedical applications; however, systematic comparisons across compositionally distinct Ti- and Zr-based systems, as well as their early-stage bactericidal mechanisms, remain limited. Here, we show, for the first time, a comparative, compositionally resolved correlation linking alloy chemistry, nanotexture, and bactericidal mechanisms across polymorphic TFMGs. Three co-sputtered biocompatible coatings (Ti47Fe41Cu12, Zr71Fe3Al26, and Zr58W31Cu11) were deposited on medical-grade titanium and stainless steel (SS316L) via magnetron co-sputtering, producing uniform amorphous films (190\u2013298 nm) with nanoscale roughness of 1.6 \u00b1 0.05 to 8.1 \u00b1 0.05 nm. Surface wettability spanned hydrophilic (71.1 \u00b1 5.6\u00b0) to hydrophobic (106.5 \u00b1 3.5\u00b0), modulating bacterial interactions. Antimicrobial performance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated using live\/dead fluorescence imaging, quantitative image analysis, and electron microscopy after 2\u20134 h incubation. All coatings reduced bacterial adhesion and viability relative to bare substrates, with Zr58W31Cu11 achieving &gt;60% reduction in surface-associated bacterial coverage. Time-resolved analysis revealed a rapid transition to predominantly non-viable populations on coated surfaces, in contrast to sustained viability on controls. Mechanistically, bactericidal activity arises from the synergistic coupling of nanotopography-induced membrane stress, wettability-governed adhesion energetics, and in situ formation of CuO, Fe2O3, WO3, and ZrO2 oxides that promote electrostatic interactions and proposed reactive oxygen species generation, driving oxidative membrane damage. These results establish a scalable design framework for TFMGs, while highlighting the need for long-term biofilm and electrochemical validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16060759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1779452092000},"page":"759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Properties of Ti- and Zr-Based Nanotextured Thin Film Metallic Glasses Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chijioke R.","family":"Onyeagba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4209-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Egbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7012-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuquabo","family":"Tesfamichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/5\/032","article-title":"Effects of micro- and nano-structures on the self-cleaning behaviour of lotus leaves","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10035","DOI":"10.1021\/la2010024","article-title":"Nanostructure on Taro Leaves Resists Fouling by Colloids and Bacteria under Submerged Conditions","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA08878A","article-title":"Bactericidal efficiency of micro- and nanostructured surfaces: A critical perspective","volume":"11","author":"Senevirathne","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: Present situation and prospects for the future","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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