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This study demonstrates that the anti-biofilm action of clove oil enhances the efficacy of fosfomycin against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157). Using a luxS-eGFP reporter system, it was found that clove oil inhibited E. coli O157 biofilm formation by up to 80% via suppression of the LuxS\/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system and bacterial motility. Crucially, this disruption was shown to correlate with a strong synergistic effect when combined with fosfomycin in vitro. In a murine peritoneal infection model, the combination therapy demonstrated superior efficacy compared to monotherapy. Specifically, bacterial loads in the liver, spleen, and small intestine were significantly reduced, and histopathological damage was alleviated. Mechanistically, these effects were linked to the downregulation of the QS. These findings indicate that clove oil acts as a potent adjuvant to fosfomycin by disrupting biofilms, offering a promising strategy against systemic infections caused by E. coli O157.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16060773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1779721508000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clove Oil Enhances Fosfomycin Efficacy Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 via Biofilm Disruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; New Veterinary Drugs in Gansu Province Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drugs Engineering, Laboratory Animal Science Data Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; New Veterinary Drugs in Gansu Province Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drugs Engineering, Laboratory Animal Science Data Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; New Veterinary Drugs in Gansu Province Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drugs Engineering, Laboratory Animal Science Data Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 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New Veterinary Drugs in Gansu Province Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drugs Engineering, Laboratory Animal Science Data Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; New Veterinary Drugs in Gansu Province Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drugs Engineering, Laboratory Animal Science Data Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary, Pharmaceutical Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 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