{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T09:07:28Z","timestamp":1779786448887,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Heart Association (AHA) Career Development Award","award":["NIH R01 HL153176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 HL153176"]}]},{"name":"American Heart Association (AHA) Career Development Award","award":["19CDA34520004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19CDA34520004"]}]},{"name":"AHA Transformational Project Award","award":["24TPA1300008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24TPA1300008"]}]},{"name":"AHA Transformational Project Award","award":["25TPA1472723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25TPA1472723"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cognitive impairment (CI) is prevalent among heart failure (HF) patients. Although the brain injury in HF is multifactorial, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common pathological features of neurological disorders and are increasingly recognized as key mechanisms underlying CI. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-established mediators of biological signaling in myocardial function and are widely recognized for transporting a variety of microRNAs. However, whether myocardial injury alters the miRNA profiles of brain EVs, potentially contributing to cognitive impairment (CI) by disrupting brain homeostasis, remains poorly understood. Using a rodent myocardial infarction (MI) model, we isolated brain EVs and characterized their miRNA profiling by means of small RNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate that miRNA profiles in brain EVs vary with HF progression. Only three miRNAs were significantly changed at 3 weeks post-MI, whereas thirty-two miRNAs and sixty-five miRNAs demonstrated significant changes post-MI, showed significant alterations at 6 and 12 weeks post-MI, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that some miRNAs against oxidative stress and inflammation were downregulated in brain EVs at 6 and 12 weeks post-MI. Conversely, several miRNAs responsible for oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were significantly increased, which may be of cardiac origin following MI. Collectively, these findings suggest that cardiac EVs may contribute to miRNA alterations in brain EVs, potentially driving CI by disrupting brain homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16060776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1779783368000},"page":"776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alterations of Cerebral Extracellular Vesicle microRNA Profiling Potentially Disrupts Brain Homeostasis Following Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Md Monowarul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoku","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Dhyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3327-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara L.","family":"Rudebush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3636-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irving H.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.04.007","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment and Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"23","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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