{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:51:16Z","timestamp":1781783476744,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a multifactorial disease associated with prematurity, intestinal hypoperfusion, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress. Interindividual variability in disease occurrence suggests a role for genetic susceptibility. Null genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes result in absent glutathione S-transferase activity and may impair antioxidant defenses. This study investigated whether GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with NEC development and severity in preterm newborns. This single-center case\u2013control pilot study included 100 preterm newborns (50 NEC and 50 controls). Genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Stages II-A and II-B accounted for 82% of NEC cases. A significant inverse correlation was observed between gestational age and postnatal age at NEC diagnosis (r = \u22120.5994; p &lt; 0.0001). The GSTM1-null genotype was more frequent in the NEC group (60% vs. 36%) and was associated with increased disease risk in both unadjusted (OR = 2.667; 95%CI: 1.188\u20135.986; p = 0.027) and adjusted analyses (aOR = 3.09; 95%CI: 1.29\u20137.40; p = 0.011). No significant associations were observed for GSTT1, combined genotypes, or disease severity. These findings provide preliminary evidence of an association between the GSTM1-null genotype and NEC susceptibility. Given the exploratory pilot design, these results should be considered hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16060900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:25:34Z","timestamp":1781778334000},"page":"900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Newborns: The Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexandre Alberto Barros","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatria e Cirurgia Pedi\u00e1trica, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Hospital da Crian\u00e7a e Maternidade (FUNFARME), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP-15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0644-728X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle Lopes Teixeira","family":"Ferdinando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Pediatria e Cirurgia Pedi\u00e1trica, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Hospital da Crian\u00e7a e Maternidade (FUNFARME), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP-15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2677-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia Belintani","family":"Piatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 of Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP-15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8303-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helo\u00edsa Cristina","family":"Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Hospital da Crian\u00e7a e Maternidade (FUNFARME), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo CEP-15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.12.035","article-title":"Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Updates on Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes","volume":"220","author":"Flahive","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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