{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:17:49Z","timestamp":1785410269597,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04fm87419","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin serves as the body\u2019s first line of defense against environmental threats, acting as a barrier between external aggressors and internal systems. Current evidence regarding the roles of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in biology and medicine is limited. Environmental pollutants, including SO2, can increase the production of reactive oxygen species in the skin, leading to oxidative damage that may worsen various dermatological conditions. Endogenous SO2, proposed as the fourth member of the gasotransmitter family, functions as a biological signaling molecule. It is generated in various human skin cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, mast cells, keratinocytes, macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts, dermal immune cell population, etc, where it performs multiple functions at physiologically relevant concentrations. Endogenous SO2 plays a crucial role in regulating cell signaling and maintaining skin homeostasis through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. Abnormal generation and metabolism of SO2 are linked to several critical processes in the skin, including vascular biology, immune response, cell proliferation, pigmentation, malignancy, protective barriers, senescence, and resistance to stress. This paper provides a narrative review of the significant roles of SO2 in skin health and disease. A comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular effects and mechanisms mediated by SO2 in human skin, along with the development of gas therapy, will be essential for translating fundamental research into clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16060915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1782813677000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical Changes and Molecular Mechanisms Mediated by Sulfur Dioxide in Healthy Skin and Dermatological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4983-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea","family":"Tampa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilinca","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalina Irina","family":"Mitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Iulia","family":"Mitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Tocut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"},{"name":"Internal Medicine C Department, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona Roxana","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1357-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Urology, \u201cSaint John\u201d Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Capusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina Daniela","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, \u2018Carol Davila\u2019 Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2024.0471","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the skin","volume":"34","author":"Harry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. 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