{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:18:12Z","timestamp":1783095492512,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Naturally derived psilocybin is widely used, yet its therapeutic potential, pharmacological distinctiveness and regulatory feasibility remain understudied. This review evaluates the potential of naturally derived psilocybin using a six-criterion framework to evaluate: (1) therapeutic benefit, (2) safety and tolerability, (3) pharmacological uniqueness vs. synthetic psilocybin, (4) identity and composition control, (5) dose precision and stability, and (6) ecological sustainability. This paper answers three key questions about naturally derived psilocybin: Does it show therapeutic potential? Does it differ from synthetic psilocybin? Can it meet medicinal standards? Findings suggest perceived therapeutic benefits from naturally derived psilocybin across mental health domains, though evidence of causal efficacy is mixed. Safety profiles are favorable but context-dependent, with risks in vulnerable populations. Some preliminary preclinical evidence indicates possible entourage effects, but human validation is lacking. Dose precision varies, with purified psilocybin being most reliable, followed by standardized extracts, alcoholic, aqueous, and whole biomass preparations. Scalable cultivation is feasible but faces sustainability challenges. Key gaps include a lack of controlled trials, longitudinal safety evaluations, and standardization. We provide a phased research roadmap, which proposes short-term studies to establish safety, mid-term mechanistic and standardization efforts, and long-term integration into therapeutic, cultural, and ecological systems. This review highlights the promise of naturally derived psilocybin but underscores the need for rigorous evidence to support regulatory acceptance and clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16070983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1783089186000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Naturally Derived Psilocybin for Therapeutic Use: A Six-Criterion Framework for Evidence, Safety, and Benefit\u2013Risk Considerations in Policy and Clinical Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-0111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Enriquez-Geppert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvid","family":"Rosander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences, BMC, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fodran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3242-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vince","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115531","article-title":"Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"329","author":"Haikazian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e31796","article-title":"Psilocybin as a Treatment for Psychiatric Illness: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Irizarry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106163","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review","volume":"173","author":"Meshkat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2025.03.001","article-title":"Chapter Twelve\u2014Psychedelics for the Treatment of End-of-Life Distress in Patients with a Life-Threatening Disease","volume":"Volume 181","author":"Nutt","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Review of Neurobiology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104242","article-title":"Exploring the Regulatory Framework of Psychedelics in the US & Europe","volume":"102","author":"Behera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langlitz, N. (2025). Experiments in medicalization: Psychedelic therapy in Switzerland and Australia. BioSocieties.","DOI":"10.1057\/s41292-025-00369-y"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2025.00432","article-title":"Assessing Readiness for Implementation of Psychedelic-Assisted Mental Health Therapy, in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2023.00297","article-title":"Indigenous Psilocybin Mushroom Practices: An Annotated Bibliography","volume":"8","author":"Spiers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, G., Ricard, J.A., and Nock, M.K. (2024). Race and Ethnicity Moderate the Associations between Lifetime Psilocybin Use and Past Year Hypertension. Front. Psychiatry, 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1169686"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushr.v10.i3.20","article-title":"Diversity and Use of Traditional Mexican Medicinal Fungi. A Review","volume":"10","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"El Uso Tradicional de los Hongos Sagrados: Pasado y Presente","volume":"9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Etnobiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, F. (1790). De Historia Plantarum Novae Hispaniae, Ex Typographia Ibarrae Heredum."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2022.01.003","article-title":"Diversity, Biology, and History of Psilocybin-Containing Fungi: Suggestions for Research and Technological Development","volume":"126","author":"Wiseman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-020-0311-8","article-title":"Psilocybin: From Ancient Magic to Modern Medicine","volume":"73","author":"Nichols","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"69","article-title":"The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery","volume":"109","author":"Fabricant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_707_23","article-title":"Concept of Mental Health and Mental Well-Being, It\u2019s Determinants and Coping Strategies","volume":"66","author":"Gautam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"e77683","article-title":"Mental Health and Well-Being in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Interventions","volume":"17","author":"Magomedova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anand, M. (2024). Biopsychosocial Approach to Mental Health. Mental Health Care Resource Book: Concepts and Praxis for Social Workers and Mental Health Professionals, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1203-8"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). World Mental Health Report: Transforming Mental Health for All, World Health Organization. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohlmeijer, E., and Westerhof, G. (2021). The Model for Sustainable Mental Health: Future Directions for Integrating Positive Psychology Into Mental Health Care. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.747999"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.84","article-title":"The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"42","author":"Goodwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"276","article-title":"Targets and Outcomes of Psychotherapies for Mental Disorders: An Overview","volume":"18","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry Off. J. World Psychiatr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helmchen, H. (2001). Assessment and Application of Therapeutic Effectiveness, Ethical Implications Of. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Pergamon.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043076-7\/00180-7"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2307\/3090197","article-title":"The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life","volume":"43","author":"Keyes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026, April 01). Framework for FDA\u2019s Real-World Evidence Program, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/120060\/download."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026, April 01). Considerations for the Use of Real-World Data and Real-World Evidence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Drug and Biological Products, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/171667\/download."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency (2026, April 01). Real-World Evidence Provided by EMA. EMA\/152628\/2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/other\/guide-real-world-evidence-provided-ema-support-regulatory-decision-making_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2016). Botanical Drug Development Guidance for Industry."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32310-3","article-title":"Reproducibility of Real-World Evidence Studies Using Clinical Practice Data to Inform Regulatory and Coverage Decisions","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00013","article-title":"Reporting Randomized, Controlled Trials of Herbal Interventions: An Elaborated CONSORT Statement","volume":"144","author":"Gagnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency (2026, April 01). Guideline on Quality of Herbal Medicinal Products\/Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/scientific-guideline\/final-guideline-quality-herbal-medicinal-productstraditional-herbal-medicinal-products-revision-3_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.015","article-title":"Best Practice in Research: Consensus Statement on Ethnopharmacological Field Studies\u2014ConSEFS","volume":"211","author":"Heinrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2020.00159","article-title":"Use of Psilocybin (\u201cMushrooms\u201d) among US Adults: 2015\u20132018","volume":"5","author":"Yockey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Winstock, A., Maier, L.J., Zhuparris, A., Davies, E.L., Puljevi\u0107, C., Kuypers, K.P., Ferris, J.A., and Barratt, M.J. (2021). Global Drug Survey (GDS) 2021 Key Findings Report; Report, Global Drug Survey. Available online: https:\/\/www.globaldrugsurvey.com\/."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104507","article-title":"The Global Psychedelic Survey: Consumer Characteristics, Patterns of Use, and Access in Primarily Anglophone Regions around the World","volume":"130","author":"Lake","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, S.M., Jackson, H., Sepeda, N.D., Mathai, D.S., So, S., Yaffe, A., Zaki, H., Brasher, T.J., Lowe, M.X., and Jolly, D.R.P. (2023). Naturalistic Psilocybin Use Is Associated with Persisting Improvements in Mental Health and Wellbeing: Results from a Prospective, Longitudinal Survey. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1199642"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01423-y","article-title":"Well-Being Is More than Happiness and Life Satisfaction: A Multidimensional Analysis of 21 Countries","volume":"18","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neitzke-Spruill, L., Beit, C.S., Robinson, J.O., Singh, N., Kambala, S., Ramesh, R., and McGuire, A.L. (2025). A Landscape Analysis of Psychedelic Retreat Organizations Advertising Online. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321648"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2025.00375","article-title":"Psilocybin Mushroom Stewardship: A Qualitative Inquiry into Practices and Priorities of \u201cUnderground\u201d Psilocybin Mushroom Practitioners","volume":"9","author":"Hughes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1089\/psymed.2023.0074","article-title":"Understanding Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Providers\u2019 Perspective and Insights: A Qualitative Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychedelic Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115598338","article-title":"Psilocybin, Psychological Distress, and Suicidality","volume":"29","author":"Hendricks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.04.004","article-title":"The Effects of Psychological Distress and Its Interaction with Socioeconomic Position on Risk of Developing Four Chronic Diseases","volume":"109","author":"McLachlan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, G., Al-Suwaidi, M., Castro-Ramirez, F., McGuire, T.C., Mair, P., and Nock, M.K. (2023). Race and Ethnicity Moderate the Associations between Lifetime Psilocybin Use and Crime Arrests. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1169692"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565653","article-title":"Classic psychedelic use is associated with reduced psychological distress and suicidality in the United States adult population","volume":"29","author":"Hendricks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117735685","article-title":"The Relationships of Classic Psychedelic Use with Criminal Behavior in the United States Adult Population","volume":"32","author":"Hendricks","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114568039","article-title":"Psychedelics Not Linked to Mental Health Problems or Suicidal Behavior: A Population Study","volume":"29","author":"Johansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krebs, T.S., and Johansen, P.-\u00d8. (2013). Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063972"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matzopoulos, R., Morlock, R., Morlock, A., Lerer, B., and Lerer, L. (2022). Psychedelic Mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, Patterns of Use, and Association With Health Outcomes. Front. Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.780696"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637251319497","article-title":"Psychedelics and Chronic Pain: Self-Reported Outcomes on Changed Substance Use Patterns and Health Following Naturalistic Psychedelic Use","volume":"19","author":"Glynos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231158245","article-title":"Investigation of Self-Treatment with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin Mushrooms: Findings from the Global Drug Survey 2020","volume":"37","author":"Kopra","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221131997","article-title":"Risks and Benefits of Psilocybin Use in People with Bipolar Disorder: An International Web-Based Survey on Experiences of \u2018Magic Mushroom\u2019 Consumption","volume":"37","author":"Morton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.10.058","article-title":"Examining Differences in the Effects and Contexts of Naturalistic Psilocybin Use for White Participants vs. Participants of Color: A Longitudinal Online Survey Study","volume":"370","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haijen, E.C.H.M., Kaelen, M., Roseman, L., Timmermann, C., Kettner, H., Russ, S., Nutt, D., Daws, R.E., Hampshire, A.D.G., and Lorenz, R. (2018). Predicting Responses to Psychedelics: A Prospective Study. Front. Pharmacol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kettner, H., Rosas, F.E., Timmermann, C., K\u00e4rtner, L., Carhart-Harris, R.L., and Roseman, L. (2021). Psychedelic Communitas: Intersubjective Experience During Psychedelic Group Sessions Predicts Enduring Changes in Psychological Wellbeing and Social Connectedness. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.623985"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2021.00162","article-title":"Four Individuals\u2019 Experiences during and Following a Psilocybin Truffle Retreat in the Netherlands","volume":"5","author":"Lutkajtis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"211","article-title":"A Pilot Study of the Effect of Group-Administered Psilocybin on Psychological Flexibility and Outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Pilecki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104706","article-title":"The Emerging Science of Microdosing: A Systematic Review of Research on Low Dose Psychedelics (1955\u20132021) and Recommendations for the Field","volume":"139","author":"Polito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120953994","article-title":"Microdosing Psychedelics: Subjective Benefits and Challenges, Substance Testing Behavior, and the Relevance of Intention","volume":"36","author":"Petranker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01811-4","article-title":"Adults Who Microdose Psychedelics Report Health Related Motivations and Lower Levels of Anxiety and Depression Compared to Non-Microdosers","volume":"11","author":"Rootman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14512-3","article-title":"Psilocybin Microdosers Demonstrate Greater Observed Improvements in Mood and Mental Health at One Month Relative to Non-Microdosing Controls","volume":"12","author":"Rootman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutten, N.R.P.W., Mason, N.L., Dolder, P.C., and Kuypers, K.P.C. (2019). Self-Rated Effectiveness of Microdosing With Psychedelics for Mental and Physical Health Problems Among Microdosers. Front. Psychiatry, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00672"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05477-0","article-title":"Perceived Outcomes of Psychedelic Microdosing as Self-Managed Therapies for Mental and Substance Use Disorders","volume":"237","author":"Lea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.8","article-title":"Effects of Psychedelic Microdosing versus Conventional ADHD Medication Use on Emotion Regulation, Empathy, and ADHD Symptoms in Adults with Severe ADHD Symptoms: A Naturalistic Prospective Comparison Study","volume":"67","author":"Haijen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0044","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Low-Dose LSD for ADHD Treatment in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"82","author":"Mueller","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.56522\/BMCHAP.0130010280003","article-title":"Plantas sagradas en M\u00e9xico: Pasado y presente","volume":"28","author":"Fagetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/anoc.12168","article-title":"Insights for Modern Applications of Psilocybin Therapy from a Case Study of Traditional Mazatec Medicine","volume":"33","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anthropol. Conscious."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-025-00779-z","article-title":"Folk Taxonomy of Wild Mushrooms in Communities of the Indigenous Groups Chatino, Chontal, and Chinantec in Oaxaca, Mexico","volume":"21","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"27","article-title":"Las Especies Del G\u00e9nero Psilocybe Conocidas Del Estado de Oaxaca, Su Distribuci\u00f3n y Relaciones \u00c9tnicas","volume":"23","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. DE Micol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2024.2363137","article-title":"A Description of Two Novel Psilocybe Species from Southern Africa and Some Notes on African Traditional Hallucinogenic Mushroom Use","volume":"116","author":"Rockefeller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"241","article-title":"Ethno-Medicinal Potential of Mushrooms among the Igala People of Kogi State","volume":"18","author":"Ojone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Sci. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"11","article-title":"Proyecto Teonan\u00e1catl. Retomando El Camino Para Una Terap\u00e9utica Intercultural y Cient\u00edfica Con Los Hongos Sagrados En M\u00e9xico","volume":"131","author":"Mercadillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elementos"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/anoc.12163","article-title":"Experiences With Sacred Mushrooms and Psilocybin In Dialogue: Transdisciplinary Interpretations Of The \u201cVelada.\u201d","volume":"33","author":"Fagetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anthropol. Conscious."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"43","article-title":"\u201c\u00bfD\u00f3nde Estar\u00e1 Atrapado Su Esp\u00edritu?\u201d Una Revisi\u00f3n Hist\u00f3rica y Etnogr\u00e1fica (1900-2021) de Las Caracter\u00edsticas Estructurales de La P\u00e9rdida Del Esp\u00edritu Entre Los Mazatecos de Oaxaca, M\u00e9xico","volume":"53","author":"Fagetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Riv. Della Soc. Ital. Antropol. Medica Fondata Tullio Seppilli"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2025.00436","article-title":"T\u016b Wairua: Development of an Indigenous Rongo\u0101 M\u0101ori Approach to Healing with Psilocybin Containing Mushrooms","volume":"9","author":"Hodge","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2023.2246459","article-title":"A Proposal to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybe cubensis in Preclinical and Clinical Studies as a Therapeutic Alternative for Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"55","author":"Escamilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119857204","article-title":"Microdosing Psychedelics: More Questions than Answers? An Overview and Suggestions for Future Research","volume":"33","author":"Kuypers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5049-7","article-title":"Exploring the Effect of Microdosing Psychedelics on Creativity in an Open-Label Natural Setting","volume":"235","author":"Lippelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1580804","article-title":"Sub-Acute Effects of Psilocybin on Empathy, Creative Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being","volume":"51","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62878","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.62878","article-title":"Self-Blinding Citizen Science to Explore Psychedelic Microdosing","volume":"10","author":"Szigeti","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02039-0","article-title":"Microdosing with Psilocybin Mushrooms: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"12","author":"Cavanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811211050556","article-title":"Psilocybin Microdosing Does Not Affect Emotion-Related Symptoms and Processing: A Preregistered Field and Lab-Based Study","volume":"36","author":"Marschall","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110722","article-title":"Cognitive and Subjective Effects of Psilocybin Microdosing: Results from Two Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Longitudinal Trials","volume":"283","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110732","article-title":"Microdosing Psilocybin and Its Effect on Creativity: Lessons Learned from Three Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Longitudinal Trials","volume":"284","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230095","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2023.0095","article-title":"Psilocybin-Assisted Neurofeedback for the Improvement of Executive Functions: A Randomized Semi-Naturalistic-Lab Feasibility Study","volume":"379","author":"Krc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012","article-title":"The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act","volume":"142","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.12.006","article-title":"Psilocybin\u2014Summary of knowledge and new perspectives","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu145","article-title":"Adverse Events in Healthcare: Learning from Mistakes","volume":"108","author":"Rafter","year":"2015","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093587","article-title":"Human Hallucinogen Research: Guidelines for Safety","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Friso, F., and Mabit, J. (2026, April 01). Cultural and Pharmacological Relevance of the Emetic and Purging Properties of Ayahuasca. Available online: https:\/\/www.takiwasi.com\/docs\/arti_ing\/cultural-relevance-emetic-purging-properties-ayahuasca.pdf."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2022.100349","article-title":"Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics Meet the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"23","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol. IJCHP"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.12.007","article-title":"Do the Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin Involve Actions in the Gut?","volume":"45","author":"Reed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221084063","article-title":"Adverse Experiences Resulting in Emergency Medical Treatment Seeking Following the Use of Magic Mushrooms","volume":"36","author":"Kopra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bienemann, B., Ruschel, N.S., Campos, M.L., Negreiros, M.A., and Mograbi, D.C. (2020). Self-Reported Negative Outcomes of Psilocybin Users: A Quantitative Textual Analysis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229067"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40856-5","article-title":"Co-Use of MDMA with Psilocybin\/LSD May Buffer against Challenging Experiences and Enhance Positive Experiences","volume":"13","author":"Zeifman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2234","article-title":"Simultaneous Polysubstance Use among Danish 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and Hallucinogen Users: Combination Patterns and Proposed Biological Bases","volume":"27","author":"Licht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231211219","article-title":"Drug\u2013Drug Interactions Involving Classic Psychedelics: A Systematic Review","volume":"38","author":"Halman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811231179910","article-title":"Attenuation of Psilocybin Mushroom Effects during and after SSRI\/SNRI Antidepressant Use","volume":"37","author":"Gukasyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06585-x","article-title":"Content Analysis of Reddit Posts about Coadministration of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Psilocybin Mushrooms","volume":"241","author":"Sakai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"577","article-title":"A systematic review of the cardiotoxicity of methadone","volume":"14","author":"Alinejad","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2368617","article-title":"Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine","volume":"57","author":"Barnett","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108450","article-title":"\u201cWood-Lover Paralysis\u201d: Describing a Toxidrome with Symptoms of Weakness Caused by Some Lignicolous \u201cWood-Loving\u201d Psilocybe Mushrooms","volume":"264","author":"Beck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_102","unstructured":"Stamets, P., and Weil, A. (2023). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World: An Identification Guide, Ten Speed Press."},{"key":"ref_103","unstructured":"Oregon Psilocybin Advisory Board (2026, April 01). Oregon Psilocybin Advisory Board Rapid Evidence Review and Recommendations, Available online: https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/PREVENTIONWELLNESS\/Documents\/Oregon%20Psilocybin%20Advisory%20Board%20Rapid%20Evidence%20Review.pdf."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.5c01146","article-title":"Is There More to Magic Mushrooms than Psilocybin?","volume":"11","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e148070","DOI":"10.3897\/imafungus.16.148070","article-title":"Current Use of Holy Mushrooms of the Genus Psilocybe in a Zapotec Community in Oaxaca, Mexico","volume":"16","year":"2025","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2401982","article-title":"Personal Psychedelic Experience as a Training Qualification for Facilitators: A Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Interviews with Psilocybin Experts","volume":"57","author":"Hoffman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"100243","article-title":"The Many Faces of Psilocybin-Related Psychosis: A Case Series","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.24.1180","article-title":"A Case Report of Psilocybin-Induced Psychosis in a Predisposed Patient","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perna, J., Trop, J., Palitsky, R., Bosshardt, Z., Vantine, H., Dunlop, B.W., and Zarrabi, A.J. (2025). Prolonged Adverse Effects from Repeated Psilocybin Use in an Underground Psychedelic Therapy Training Program: A Case Report. BMC Psychiatry, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06303-z"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2025.102359","article-title":"Self-Inflicted Transorbital Intracranial Foreign Body Following Ingestion of Hallucinogenic Psilocybin Mushrooms","volume":"39","author":"Blanton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojtas, A., Bysiek, A., Wawrzczak-Bargiela, A., Szych, Z., Majcher-Ma\u015blanka, I., Herian, M., Ma\u0107kowiak, M., and Go\u0142embiowska, K. (2022). Effect of Psilocybin and Ketamine on Brain Neurotransmitters, Glutamate Receptors, DNA and Rat Behavior. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126713"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245960","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.5960","article-title":"Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yerubandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2024.104060","article-title":"Safety Pharmacology of Acute Psilocybin Administration in Healthy Participants","volume":"3","author":"Straumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01297-2","article-title":"Direct Comparison of the Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin in a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects","volume":"47","author":"Holze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0324-9","article-title":"Psychedelic Effects of Psilocybin Correlate with Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy and Plasma Psilocin Levels","volume":"44","author":"Madsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12352","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201705489","article-title":"Enzymatic Synthesis of Psilocybin","volume":"56","author":"Fricke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200183","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202200183","article-title":"Assessment of Bioactivity-Modulating Pseudo-Ring Formation in Psilocin and Related Tryptamines","volume":"23","author":"Lenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001","article-title":"Receptor Interaction Profiles of Novel Psychoactive Tryptamines Compared with Classic Hallucinogens","volume":"26","author":"Rickli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01389-z","article-title":"Towards an Understanding of Psychedelic-Induced Neuroplasticity","volume":"48","author":"Calder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas, P.S., and Fiedler, J.L. (2016). What Do We Really Know About 5-HT(1A) Receptor Signaling in Neuronal Cells?. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00272"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2025.08.012","article-title":"Emerging Mechanisms of Psilocybin-Induced Neuroplasticity","volume":"46","author":"Sonda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00660-y","article-title":"Psilocybin and the Glutamatergic Pathway: Implications for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases","volume":"76","author":"Bysiek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7472","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1384-23.2023","article-title":"Beyond the 5-HT(2A) Receptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action","volume":"43","author":"Cameron","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03257-w","article-title":"Psychedelic Neuroplasticity of Cortical Neurons Lacking 5-HT2A Receptors","volume":"31","author":"Ekins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44016-1","article-title":"Identification of 5-HT2A Receptor Signaling Pathways Associated with Psychedelic Potential","volume":"14","author":"Wallach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Li, S., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Dai, Y., Yu, P.S., and Sun, L. (2023). A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Generated Content (AIGC): A History of Generative AI from GAN to ChatGPT. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03100-2","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl8615","article-title":"Structure-Based Discovery of Nonhallucinogenic Psychedelic Analogs","volume":"375","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416106122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2416106122","article-title":"Molecular Design of a Therapeutic LSD Analogue with Reduced Hallucinogenic Potential","volume":"122","author":"Tuck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf0435","article-title":"Psychedelics Promote Neuroplasticity through the Activation of Intracellular 5-HT2A Receptors","volume":"379","author":"Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07624-5","article-title":"Psilocybin Desynchronizes the Human Brain","volume":"632","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.04.015","article-title":"The role of eEF2 pathway in learning and synaptic plasticity","volume":"105","author":"Taha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.036","article-title":"Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior","volume":"76","author":"Picciotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2024.02.001","article-title":"TrkB Transmembrane Domain: Bridging Structural Understanding with Therapeutic Strategy","volume":"49","author":"Enkavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01316-5","article-title":"Psychedelics Promote Plasticity by Directly Binding to BDNF Receptor TrkB","volume":"26","author":"Moliner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.06.012","article-title":"The Polypharmacology of Psychedelics Reveals Multiple Targets for Potential Therapeutics","volume":"113","author":"Jain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0212-7","article-title":"The Brain\u2019s Default Network: Updated Anatomy, Physiology and Evolving Insights","volume":"20","author":"Buckner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109406","article-title":"The Psilocybin-Telomere Hypothesis: An Empirically Falsifiable Prediction Concerning the Beneficial Neuropsychopharmacological Effects of Psilocybin on Genetic Aging","volume":"134","author":"Germann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00244-x","article-title":"Psilocybin Treatment Extends Cellular Lifespan and Improves Survival of Aged Mice","volume":"11","author":"Kato","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00392-6","article-title":"An Entourage Effect: Inactive Endogenous Fatty Acid Glycerol Esters Enhance 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Cannabinoid Activity","volume":"353","author":"Fride","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, E.B. (2019). The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No \u201cStrain,\u201d No Gain. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01969"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201904363","article-title":"Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of \u03b2-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in \u201cMagic\u201d Mushrooms","volume":"26","author":"Blei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem.\u2014Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9016","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-39483-7","article-title":"Network Pharmacology and Molecular Simulation Reveal the Entourage Effect Mechanisms of Psilocybin-Producing Mushrooms on the Brain","volume":"16","author":"Murray","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7041018","article-title":"Research on Acute Toxicity and the Behavioral Effects of Methanolic Extract from Psilocybin Mushrooms and Psilocin in Mice","volume":"7","author":"Zhuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02477-w","article-title":"Effect of Chemically Synthesized Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract on Molecular and Metabolic Profiles in Mouse Brain","volume":"29","author":"Shahar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01061","article-title":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin","volume":"83","author":"Sherwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16466","article-title":"Pharmacological and Behavioural Effects of Tryptamines Present in Psilocybin-Containing Mushrooms","volume":"181","author":"Rakoczy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.90095","article-title":"Effects of Psilocybe Argentipes on Marble-Burying Behavior in Mice","volume":"73","author":"Matsushima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_149","unstructured":"Ott, J. (1996). Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic Drugs, Their Plant Sources, and History, Natural Products Co."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S885","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2297","article-title":"A Review of Aeruginascin and Potential Entourage Effect in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms","volume":"65","author":"Chue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2446445","article-title":"Preferences, Perceptions, and Environmental Considerations of Natural and Synthetic Psychedelic Substances: Findings from the Global Psychedelic Survey","volume":"58","author":"Syed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_152","unstructured":"Hofmann, A. (2022). LSD My Problem Child (4th Edition): Reflections on Sacred Drugs, Mysticism and Science, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies."},{"key":"ref_153","unstructured":"Pahnke, W.M. (1963). Drugs and Mysticism. [Doctoral Thesis, Harvard University]. Available online: https:\/\/maps.org\/images\/pdf\/books\/pahnke\/walter_pahnke_drugs_and_mysticism.pdf."},{"key":"ref_154","unstructured":"Smith, H. (2000). Cleansing the Doors of Perception: The Religious Significance of Entheogenic Plants and Chemicals, Penguin Putnam Inc."},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"303","article-title":"\u201cThe Mushroom Was More Alive and Vibrant\u201d: Patient Reports of Synthetic versus Organic Forms of Psilocybin","volume":"8","author":"Kryskow","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushr.v7.i12.280","article-title":"Species Diversity of the Genus Psilocybe (Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in the World Mycobiota, with Special Attention to Hallucinogenic Properties","volume":"7","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luz, M.A., Guedes, H.V.S., Bisneto, A.B.M., Jesus, R.A.d., Galdino, T.P., Oliveira, L.C., Afonso, V.I., Fook, M.V.L., Lima, A.G.B., and Silva, S.M.d.L. (2025). Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Psilocybe Mushrooms: Gaps and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18070989"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galdino, T.P., Oliveira, L.C., Luz, M.A., Jesus, R.A., Lima, E.P.N., Torres, M.C.M., Sivieri, K., Afonso, V.I., Delgado, J.M.P.Q., and Lima, A.G.B. (2025). Extraction Yields of Psilocybin and Psilocin: A Short Review of Current Methods and Their Implications. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030380"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600571006","article-title":"Interrelationship of Phosphate Nutrition, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Accumulation of Key Secondary Metabolites in Saprophytic Cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, Psilocybe cyanescens, and Panaeolus campanulatus","volume":"57","author":"Neal","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polo-Castellano, C., \u00c1lvarez, J.\u00c1., Palma, M., Barbero, G.F., Ayuso, J., and Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. (2022). Optimization through a Box\u2013Behnken Experimental Design of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction of the Psychoactive Compounds in Hallucinogenic Fungi (Psylocibe cubensis). J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060598"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969526","article-title":"Occurrence of Psilocybin in Various Higher Fungi from Several European Countries","volume":"51","author":"Stijve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"45","article-title":"Levels of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Various Types of Mushrooms","volume":"48","author":"Borovicka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soud. Lek."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"JFS2004276-5","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2004276","article-title":"Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Hallucinogenic Indoles Psilocin and Psilocybin in \u201cMagic Mushroom\u201d Samples","volume":"50","author":"Kamata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1021\/np50015a023","article-title":"Isolation of Psilocybin From Psilocybe Argentipes and Its Determination in Specimens of Some Mushrooms","volume":"44","author":"Koike","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(82)90013-7","article-title":"Psilocybin and Psilocin Levels in Twenty Species from Seven Genera of Wild Mushrooms in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A","volume":"5","author":"Beug","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600541104","article-title":"Production of Psilocybin in Psilocybe Baeocystis Saprophytic Culture","volume":"54","author":"Leung","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600560132","article-title":"Baeocystin, a Mono-Methyl Analog of Psilocybin from Psilocybe Baeocystis Saprophytic Culture","volume":"56","author":"Leung","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600571007","article-title":"Baeocystin and Norbaeocystin: New Analogs of Psilocybin from Psilocybe Baeocystis","volume":"57","author":"Leung","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"566","article-title":"Baeocystin in Psilocybe, Conocybe and Panaeolus","volume":"40","author":"Repke","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lloydia"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-3796(89)80023-X","article-title":"Analysis and Cultivation of Fruit Bodies and Mycelia of Psilocybe Bohemica","volume":"184","author":"Gartz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200249","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202200249","article-title":"Genetic Survey of Psilocybe Natural Products","volume":"23","author":"Rogge","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117415","article-title":"Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Activities and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of the Psilocybe cubensis Mushroom in Experimental Models in Mice","volume":"320","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)99190-3","article-title":"Analysis of Psychotropic Compounds in Fungi of the Genus Psilocybe by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"286","author":"Wurst","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)81831-8","article-title":"Determination of Tryptamine Derivatives in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection","volume":"408","author":"Borner","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.3620290608","article-title":"Biotransformation of Tryptamine Derivatives in Mycelial Cultures of Psilocybe","volume":"29","author":"Gartz","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00211-5","article-title":"Hallucinogenic Mushrooms on the German Market\u2014Simple Instructions for Examination and Identification","volume":"113","author":"Musshoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30695","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c02751","article-title":"Exploring the Frontiers of Psychedelics: A New Chromatographic Method for Detection and Quantification of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Psilocybe cubensis Mushrooms","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.11.031","article-title":"Determination of Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection","volume":"66","author":"Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2018.08.005","article-title":"Psychedelic Fungus (Psilocybe sp.) Authentication in a Case of Illegal Drug Traffic: Sporological, Molecular Analysis and Identification of the Psychoactive Substance","volume":"59","author":"Solano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342161","article-title":"Determination of Psilocybin and Psilocin Content in Multiple Psilocybe Cubensis Mushroom Strains Using Liquid Chromatography\u2014Tandem Mass Spectrometry","volume":"1288","author":"Goff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.2024056373","article-title":"Quantitative LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Mycochemicals in Amanita muscaria, Psilocybe Spp. (Agaricomycetes), and Consumer Products","volume":"27","author":"Katragunta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.08.009","article-title":"Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Magic Mushrooms in Japan","volume":"138","author":"Tsujikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"156","article-title":"Occurrence of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Certain Gonocybe and Psilocybe Species","volume":"25","author":"Benedict","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lloydia"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14725J","article-title":"Detecting Psychoactive Drugs in the Developmental Stages of Mushrooms","volume":"45","author":"Gross","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1080\/00032717908067906","article-title":"Application of Mass Spectrometry\/Mass Spectrometry (Ms\/Ms) to the Identification of Natural Products in Psilocybe Cyanescens","volume":"12","author":"Unger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(92)80287-5","article-title":"Analysis and Isolation of Indole Alkaloids of Fungi by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"593","author":"Wurst","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/22.1.45","article-title":"Presence of Phenylethylamine in Hallucinogenic Psilocybe Mushroom: Possible Role in Adverse Reactions","volume":"22","author":"Beck","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"150","article-title":"Blueing in Conocybe, Psilocybe, and a Stropharia Species and the Detection of Psilocybin","volume":"30","author":"Benedict","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lloydia"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1988-7-806","article-title":"The Occurrence of Tryptamine Derivatives in Psilocybe Semilanceata","volume":"43","author":"Brenneisen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung\u2014Sect. C J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)85700-3","article-title":"Analysis of Indole Alkaloids in Norwegian Psilocybe Semilanceata Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry","volume":"244","author":"Christiansen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)96375-7","article-title":"Screening of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Multiple Detection","volume":"270","author":"Christiansen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-3796(86)80079-8","article-title":"Quantitative Bestimmung Der Indolderivate von Psilocybe Semilanceata (Fr.) Kumm","volume":"181","author":"Gartz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(69)80066-5","article-title":"Occurrence of Psilocybin in the Sporophores of Psilocybe Semilanceata","volume":"53","author":"Mantle","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(97)00127-8","article-title":"Determination of Psilocybin in Psilocybe Semilanceata by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis","volume":"694","author":"Sannes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phylogenetic and Chemical Studies in the Potential Psychotropic Species Complex of Psilocybe Atrobrunnea with Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes","volume":"34","author":"Noordeloos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Persoonia Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.11.038","article-title":"Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin Using Flow Injection Analysis with Acidic Potassium Permanganate and Tris(2,2\u2032-Bipyridyl)Ruthenium(II) Chemiluminescence Detection Respectively","volume":"67","author":"Anastos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1355-0306(06)71579-9","article-title":"Investigation into the Temporal Stability of Aqueous Standard Solutions of Psilocin and Psilocybin Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"46","author":"Anastos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9700853","article-title":"The Occurrence of the Psychotomimetic Agent Psilocybin in an Australian Agaric, Psilocybe Subaeruginosa","volume":"23","author":"Picker","year":"1970","journal-title":"Aust. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00168-6","article-title":"Analysis of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Psilocybe Subcubensis GUZM\u00c1N by Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry","volume":"99","author":"Keller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2023.00332","article-title":"Cultivation, Chemistry, and Genome of Psilocybe Zapotecorum","volume":"8","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001454","article-title":"Pharmacologic Activity of Substituted Tryptamines at 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A Receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT2CR, 5-HT1AR, and Serotonin Transporter","volume":"385","author":"Kozell","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2950","article-title":"Stability of Psilocybin and Its Four Analogs in the Biomass of the Psychotropic Mushroom Psilocybe cubensis","volume":"13","author":"Jurok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"ref_203","unstructured":"Lightburn, B., Moss, R., and Ranken, L. (2024). Ethanol Extraction of Psychoactive Compounds from Psilocybin Fungus. (European Patent Application EP 4 339 200 A2)."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaf072","article-title":"Toward Standardized Products Containing Biomass of Psilocybe Cubensis Fungi","volume":"109","author":"Foster","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201910175","article-title":"Injury-Triggered Blueing Reactions of Psilocybe \u201cMagic\u201d Mushrooms","volume":"59","author":"Lenz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126157","article-title":"Recent Advances and Future Directions on the Valorization of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS): A Review","volume":"344","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9226-8","article-title":"Mushroom Cultivation in the Circular Economy","volume":"102","author":"Grimm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okuda, Y. (2022). Sustainability Perspectives for Future Continuity of Mushroom Production: The Bright and Dark Sides. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2022.1026508"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.10.059","article-title":"Domestication through Clandestine Cultivation Constrained Genetic Diversity in Magic Mushrooms Relative to Naturalized Populations","volume":"33","author":"McTaggart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, G., Li, T., Mijakovic, I., and Wei, Y. (2024). Synthetic Biology Enables Mushrooms to Meet Emerging Sustainable Challenges. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1337398"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaresan, N., Dharumadurai, D., and Babalola, O.O. (2023). Mass Multiplication, Production Cost Analysis, and Marketing of Psilocybe Mushroom. Food Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship: Making Money From Microbes, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-5041-4"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proch\u00e1zka, P., Soukupov\u00e1, J., Tom\u0161\u00edk, K., Mullen, K.J., and \u010c\u00e1belkov\u00e1, I. (2023). Climatic Factors Affecting Wild Mushroom Foraging in Central Europe. Forests, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/f14020382"},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"343","article-title":"Climate-Driven Losses to Knowledge Systems and Cultural Heritage: A Literature Review Exploring the Impacts on Indigenous and Local Cultures","volume":"10","author":"Pearson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anthr. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/7\/983\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:23:40Z","timestamp":1783092220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/16\/7\/983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":213,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["biom16070983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom16070983","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}}}