{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1786123589294,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N26-15-00630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N26-15-00630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["N26-15-00630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N26-15-00630"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, mostly due to its frequent diagnosis at advanced stages, early peritoneal dissemination, ascites formation, and limited sensitivity of currently available approaches for early detection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. In OC, EV-associated protein profiles reflect both tumor-cell-intrinsic programs and the complex interactions between malignant cells and the peritoneal microenvironment. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the involvement of exosomal proteins in OC progression, with particular emphasis on epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, mesothelial reprogramming, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune suppression, peritoneal dissemination, and platinum resistance. Mechanistic studies indicate that exosomal proteins, including CD44, the integrin \u03b15\u03b21\/asparaginyl endopeptidase complex, annexin A2, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, and programmed death-ligand 1, can directly contribute to metastatic niche formation and tumor progression. In parallel, proteomic studies of plasma-, serum-, ascites-, peritoneal-fluid-, and uterine-lavage-derived EVs have identified candidate liquid-biopsy biomarkers, including MUC1, EpCAM, FOLR1, integrins, complement- and coagulation-related proteins, and proteins associated with treatment resistance. To integrate the biological significance of proteins reported in OC-associated exosomes, we additionally performed protein\u2013protein interaction and functional enrichment analyses. These analyses revealed interconnected protein groups associated with cell adhesion, oxidative stress adaptation, secretory remodeling, lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix organization, and inflammatory signaling. Taken together, the available evidence supports exosomal proteome profiling as a promising approach for investigating OC dissemination and developing minimally invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. However, standardized EV isolation, quantitative proteomics, functional validation, and independent clinical cohorts remain essential for translation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16081150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:00:43Z","timestamp":1786118443000},"page":"1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosome-Associated Proteins as Mediators and Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksei","family":"Shefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyona","family":"Chernyshova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Tamkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000003398","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ovarian cancer, 1990\u20132021, and projections to 2050: A cross-sectional analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"112","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. 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