{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:32:08Z","timestamp":1787315528926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondecyt","award":["1240295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1240295"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from the placenta carry bioactive compounds. Placental sEVs (psEVs) have been implicated as drivers of pathology in preeclampsia, a common disorder of pregnancy. This study investigates the hypothesis that psEVs are detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during pregnancy, and are present at higher concentrations in preeclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies. Two techniques were used to search for psEVs. Firstly, the ExoCounter assay was performed on neat CSF from normotensive, preeclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies, and non-pregnant controls (n = 11, 12, 10 and 4, respectively). Quantitative PCR was used to search for psEV-associated microRNAs in the CSF of pregnant women. Neither assay found evidence of psEVs in the CSF of pregnant women, regardless of whether they had preeclampsia or eclampsia. This study suggests that psEVs do not reside in CSF during pregnancy and may be more likely to impact central nervous tissues through peripheral changes or interaction with the blood\u2013brain barrier without crossing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16081211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:30:53Z","timestamp":1787131853000},"page":"1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placental Small Extracellular Vesicles Undetected in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Preeclamptic and Eclamptic Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bryony","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Centre, Nuffield Department of Women\u2019s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, 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Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0406-8964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Cluver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC Preeclampsia Extramural Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa"},{"name":"Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angga Wiratama","family":"Lokeswara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Centre, Nuffield Department of Women\u2019s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, 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Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for The Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1737-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin de Chillan, Chillan 3810525, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, West Wing, Oxford OX3 9DU, 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