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Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling regulates these transitions, but its effects vary as MuSCs and their niche change across regenerative stages. FGF output is shaped by ligand availability and extracellular presentation, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) isoform expression and coreceptor availability, receptor trafficking, intracellular feedback, and the state of the responding cell. Following acute injury, FGF inputs can support MuSC activation and expansion; signaling is subsequently reconfigured during differentiation, fusion, self-renewal, and return to quiescence. Aging-associated regenerative decline, chronic injury and dystrophic remodeling, denervation, and metabolic dysfunction disrupt this coordination and can uncouple FGF activity from productive repair. Rhabdomyosarcoma provides a distinct malignant context in which the FGF network is rewired to sustain oncogenic myogenic cell states. Here, we integrate molecular, cellular, and niche-level evidence across these settings to explain why FGF signaling produces divergent outcomes and to clarify how cellular context and timing should inform therapeutic modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16091238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1787763282000},"page":"1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State-Dependent FGF Signaling in Satellite Cell-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Pathological Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5073-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuying","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7464-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute & KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9238-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00805-8","article-title":"Metabolism and exercise: The skeletal muscle clock takes centre stage","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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