{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:18:15Z","timestamp":1788153495629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padua","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BIRD199570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD199570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padua","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BIRD204045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD204045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padua","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BIRD231385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD231385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["BIRD199570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD199570"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BIRD204045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD204045"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BIRD231385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIRD231385"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00240q980","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009874","name":"Friuli Venezia Giulia Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C93C22009640002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C93C22009640002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["C93C22009640002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C93C22009640002"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tjrd904","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and current therapies rarely repair established myocardial damage. Nanoparticle-based interventions have been investigated across heterogeneous models of myocardial injury, remodeling, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, but the distribution and translational maturity of this evidence remain unclear. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to June 2024. Eligible reports were mapped according to disease model, experimental system, carrier-level nanoparticle platform, payload, route, comparator, outcomes, biodistribution, safety assessment, and translational characteristics. Reports of non-therapeutic nanoparticle exposure were retained in a separate contextual safety\/toxicology stratum and were not included in the therapeutic evidence-density map. Risk of bias was evaluated using design-appropriate tools. Results: Of 2640 records screened, 157 independent studies met the criteria: 140 in the main therapeutic\/platform evidence map and 17 in a separate contextual safety\/toxicology stratum. Within the main corpus, polymeric systems were the largest platform class (n = 50), followed by inorganic\/mineral (n = 35), biological\/biomimetic (n = 24), lipid-based (n = 23), carbon-based (n = 5), and hybrid\/multicomponent systems (n = 3). Evidence was concentrated in acute myocardial injury (n = 76), while direct same-agent comparisons, long-term safety assessment, repeated dosing, quantitative biodistribution, and clinically aligned heart-failure models remained limited. Conclusions: The field demonstrates substantial formulation diversity and biological activity, but translation is constrained by fragmented characterization, sparse comparative evidence, and incomplete assessment of biological fate and safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16091245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1787849233000},"page":"1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Myocardial Injury and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal of Preclinical Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2261-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Barison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honoria","family":"Ocagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"BIOSTAT-X Biostatistics & AI for Biomedical Discovery, Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Fata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2923-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Perazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0195-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Luisetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Mancin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7365-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Grisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Digital Technologies, REACT Innovation Center, London South Bank University, London CR0 1LB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy"},{"name":"BIOSTAT-X Biostatistics & AI for Biomedical Discovery, Pediatric Research Institute (IRP) \u201cCitt\u00e0 Della Speranza\u201d, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3578-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public 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