{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:08:25Z","timestamp":1789016905646,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Higher Education Commission of Pakistan","award":["10852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10852"]}]},{"award":["10852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10852"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038y3sz68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JH2\/101900012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/101900012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024JH2\/101900012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH2\/101900012"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f09cx53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic asthma is characterized by Th2-driven airway inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) maintains immune tolerance, but its role in modulating the anti-inflammatory actions of Curcumin (CN) is unclear. This study investigated whether CN retains efficacy in a rat model of Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation under pharmacological IDO inhibition. Rats were sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with methylprednisolone (MP, 15 mg\/kg), CN (200 mg\/kg), the IDO inhibitor 1-MT (70 mg\/kg), or CN+1-MT. Assessments included systemic and pulmonary leukocyte profile, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), OVA-specific IgE, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cells and nitric oxide (NO) levels, lung wet\/dry weight ratio, gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, Cxcr2 and transcription factor Nfkb1 and lung histopathology. CN alone or combined with 1-MT normalized leukocyte counts, suppressed eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration, restored BALF NO levels, reduced DTH response and OVA-specific IgE, decreased pulmonary edema, and preserved pulmonary vascular integrity. CN significantly attenuated TNF-\u03b1, IL-4, IL-6, and Cxcr2 gene expression despite pharmacological IDO inhibition. Histopathology revealed reduced inflammatory infiltration and maintained alveolar structure. CN maintains anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and tissue-protective efficacy in allergic airway inflammation despite pharmacological IDO inhibition. These findings call for future research on CN as a potential adjunctive therapy method for inflammatory airway diseases. However, to elucidate the underlying processes, more research on IDO activity and downstream immunometabolic pathways is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16091295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:02:24Z","timestamp":1788858144000},"page":"1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curcumin Retains Anti-Inflammatory Effects Despite IDO Inhibition-Associated Neutrophilic Shift in OVA-Induced Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4413-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mubeen","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, Sector 3, West 87 Canal Rd, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shoaib","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Khush Bakhat","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Safdar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, Sector 3, West 87 Canal Rd, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Phenomics of Human Ethnic Specificity and Critical Illness, Shenyang 110034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210176","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0176-2021","article-title":"Current unmet needs and potential solutions to uncontrolled asthma","volume":"31","author":"Busse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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