{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:02:08Z","timestamp":1789470128546,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32400956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32400956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400956"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M740870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M740870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023M740870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M740870"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0426zh255","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai University Young Talents Sailing Plan","award":["N.13-G21022367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.13-G21022367"]}]},{"award":["N.13-G21022367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.13-G21022367"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006teas31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2026QNB10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2026QNB10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise is a pivotal non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing overall health, with a key underlying mechanism being the induction of adaptive angiogenesis across multiple organ systems. This narrative review discusses recent advances in exercise-induced angiogenesis, with a particular focus on its tissue- and organ-specific manifestations and underlying molecular mechanisms. The available evidence indicates that exercise integrates diverse signals\u2014including mechanical stress, metabolic shifts, and hypoxic or ischemic stress\u2014to upregulate key angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and to activate conserved signaling pathways including hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/Akt), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thereby driving angiogenesis. This process exhibits tissue specificity: in skeletal muscle, it primarily enhances oxygen transport and metabolic efficiency; in bone, it couples with osteogenesis to maintain structural integrity; in the brain, it supports neuroplasticity and cognitive function; in the heart, it improves myocardial perfusion via angiogenesis and collateral remodeling (arteriogenesis); and in adipose tissue, it ameliorates the metabolic microenvironment. Furthermore, the mode and intensity of exercise, along with individual differences (such as age and health status), significantly influence the magnitude of its angiogenic effects. Accordingly, this review highlights the proposed role of exercise-induced angiogenesis in a range of conditions\u2014including cardiovascular disease, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome\u2014and we treat these relationships as potential mechanisms that require further validation rather than established therapeutic pathways. In the future, research should aim to define optimal exercise parameters, elucidate deeper molecular mechanisms, and investigate the translational potential of these insights for personalized clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom16091340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:31:57Z","timestamp":1789464717000},"page":"1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue-Specific Angiogenic Responses to Exercise: Mechanisms and Research Advances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xingwen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"},{"name":"Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhitong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China"},{"name":"Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.039","article-title":"Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Angiogenesis","volume":"146","author":"Potente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04478","article-title":"Angiogenesis in Life, Disease and Medicine","volume":"438","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10144","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Angiogenesis","volume":"473","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12581","article-title":"Exercise as Medicine\u2014Evidence for Prescribing Exercise as Therapy in 26 Different Chronic Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. 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