{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:42:51Z","timestamp":1785544971316,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethanol (EtOH) is the world\u2019s most commonly used drug, and has been widely recognized as a risk factor for developing lung disorders. Chronic EtOH exposure affects all of the organ systems in the body and increases the risk of developing pulmonary diseases such as acute lung injury and pneumonia, while exacerbating the symptoms and resulting in increased mortality in many other lung disorders. EtOH and its metabolites inhibit the immune response of alveolar macrophages (AMs), increase airway leakage, produce damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupt the balance of antioxidants\/oxidants within the lungs. In this article, we review the role of EtOH exposure in the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5042840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T16:21:51Z","timestamp":1445358111000},"page":"2840-2853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Chronic Ethanol Exposure: Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease and Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Traphagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Allen-Gipson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology,  University of South Florida Health, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-iv alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"64","author":"Hasin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. 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