{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1787069348824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in the liver. Insulin is not only involved in carbohydrate metabolism, it also regulates protein synthesis. This work describes the expression of proteins in the liver of a diabetic mouse and identifies the metabolic pathways involved. Twenty-week-old diabetic db\/db mice were hepatectomized, after which proteins were separated by 2D-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Spots varying in intensity were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and biological function was assigned by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. A differential expression of 26 proteins was identified; among these were arginase-1, pyruvate carboxylase, peroxiredoxin-1, regucalcin, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that many of these proteins are mitochondrial and participate in metabolic pathways, such as the citrate cycle, the fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. In addition, these proteins are related to oxidation\u2013reduction reactions and molecular function of vitamin binding and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, the proteomic profile of the liver of diabetic mouse db\/db exhibited mainly alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogen. These differences illustrate the heterogeneity of diabetes in its different stages and under different conditions and highlights the need to improve treatments for this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8020035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1527822170000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Protein Expression Profile of Twenty-Week-Old Diabetic db\/db and Non-Diabetic Mice Livers: A Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Le\u00f3n, Universidad de Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n, Jalisco 47600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa Cristina","family":"Flores-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Le\u00f3n, Universidad de Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Vargas-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Le\u00f3n, Universidad de Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Emiliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Le\u00f3n, Universidad de Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Encarnaci\u00f3n-Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoriano","family":"P\u00e9rez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Le\u00f3n, Universidad de Guanajuato, Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato 37320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.105","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: Facts and fallacies","volume":"12","author":"Zimmet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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