{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:36:23Z","timestamp":1767206183502,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotic dark tea (PDT) is a novel kind of dark tea produced by fresh albino tea leaves and fermented with specific probiotics. Our study demonstrates that PDT can ameliorate high-fat diet-induced overweight and lipid metabolic disorders and shows no acute or subacute toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Daily intragastric administration of 5% PDT infusion for 14 days caused no obvious effect on general physiological features and behaviors of rats. Oral administration of 1%, 2%, and 3% of PDT infusion for six weeks had no influence on the biochemistry and histopathology of rats\u2019 organs and blood, as well as the body weight and ratios of organ\/body weight. To investigate its anti-obesity activity, SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, treated with normal diet + water (Group I), high-fat diet + water (Group II), high-fat diet + 3% traditional dark tea infusion (Group III), high-fat diet + 3% PDT infusion (Group IV). After six weeks, the body weight, serum total triacylglycerol (TG) and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels of rats in Group II were significantly increased and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were significantly decreased compared with those in the other three groups. Both traditional dark tea and PDT treatment effectively counteracted the adverse effect of a high-fat diet in SD rats. These results suggest that PDT could be applied for the prevention of obesity, which ameliorates overweight and lipid metabolic disorders and which shows no acute or subacute toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8040099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T11:12:26Z","timestamp":1537873946000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["RETRACTED: Evaluation of Anti-Obesity Activity, Acute Toxicity, and Subacute Toxicity of Probiotic Dark Tea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Wang","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Canter for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shungeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianmu Lake Longxin Agricultural Ecological Park in Liyang City of Jiangsu Province, Liyang 213334, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7114-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingcai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongquan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qizhen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan 311300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Canter for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wentong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Canter for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Canter for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchun","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Canter for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators (2017). 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