{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:13:10Z","timestamp":1790615590816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sphingolipids are an important group of lipids that play crucial roles in living cells, facilitating cell recognition, signal transduction and endocytosis. The concentration of sphingosine and some of its derivatives like sphinganine may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sphingolipidoses or be used for further research into similar diseases. In this study, a sphingolipid extraction and a high resolution detection method specific for sphingosine and sphinganine was adapted and tested. Lipids were extracted from rats\u2019 serum, coupled to o-phthalaldehyde and detected with a fluorescence detector after running through a silica gel column in a high performance liquid chromatography system. With this method, we analysed 20 male and 20 female rat serum samples and compared the concentrations of sphingosine and sphinganine. The results showed a significant difference between the sphingosine concentrations in the male and female rats. The sphingosine concentration in female rats was 805 ng\/mL (standard deviation, SD \u00b1 549), while that in males was significantly lower at (75 ng\/mL (SD \u00b1 40)). Furthermore, the sphingosine:sphinganine ratio was almost 15-fold higher in the females\u2019 samples. The method presented here facilitates the accurate quantification of sphingosine and sphinganine concentrations down to 2.6 ng and 3.0 ng, respectively, and their ratio in small amounts of rat serum samples to study the sphingolipid metabolism and its potential modulation due to gene mutations or the effect of prevalent toxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9090459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Isolation and Quantification of Sphingosine and Sphinganine from Rat Serum Revealed Gender Differences"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Graham","family":"Brogden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diab M.","family":"Husein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan Y.","family":"Naim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1423","article-title":"The cell biology of lysosomal storage disorders","volume":"5","author":"Futerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Boil."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6741-1_1","article-title":"An overview of sphingolipid metabolism: From synthesis to breakdown","volume":"688","author":"Gault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00049-5","article-title":"The roles of ceramide and complex sphingolipids in neuronal cell function","volume":"47","author":"Buccoliero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14540","article-title":"Sphingolipids and neuronal degeneration in lysosomal storage disorders","volume":"148","author":"Grassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)74249-5","article-title":"Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphingosine (sphinganine) N-acyltransferase and de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in cultured neurons in situ","volume":"268","author":"Merrill","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Boil. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1876","article-title":"Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a sphingosine storage disease that causes deregulation of lysosomal calcium","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000112179","article-title":"Type C Niemann-Pick Disease: Use of Hydrophobic Amines to Study Defective Cholesterol Transport","volume":"13","author":"Roff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1857-x","article-title":"Variability of control data and relevance of observed group differences in five oral toxicity studies with genetically modified maize MON810 in rats","volume":"91","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030117470","article-title":"Determination of sphinganine, sphingosine and Sa\/So ratio in urine of humans exposed to dietary fumonisin B1","volume":"18","author":"Qiu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D008532","article-title":"Blood sphingolipidomics in healthy humans: Impact of sample collection methodology","volume":"51","author":"Hammad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4786","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808798200","article-title":"Ceramide synthase inhibition by fumonisin B1 causes accumulation of 1-deoxysphinganine: A novel category of bioactive 1-deoxysphingoid bases and 1-deoxydihydroceramides biosynthesized by mammalian cell lines and animals","volume":"284","author":"Zitomer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105639","article-title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Urinary Lipids in the Nephrotic Syndrome*","volume":"46","author":"Klahr","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"267","article-title":"Ozonation of human blood increases sphingosine-1-phosphate in plasma","volume":"66","author":"Chabowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.02.005","article-title":"Higher level of plasma bioactive molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate in women is associated with estrogen","volume":"1841","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10010050","article-title":"Evaluation of sphingolipids in Wistar rats treated to prolonged and single oral doses of fumonisin B1","volume":"10","author":"Direito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/9\/9\/459\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:17:32Z","timestamp":1760188652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/9\/9\/459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["biom9090459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9090459","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]}}}