{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:35:23Z","timestamp":1791038123850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015ZX09501004-001-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZX09501004-001-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Special Research Project for TCM","award":["201507004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201507004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, liver injury induced by Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) has gained increasing attention worldwide. Assessing the hepatotoxicity of compounds in TCMs is essential and inevitable for both doctors and regulatory agencies. However, there has been no effective method to screen the hepatotoxic ingredients in TCMs available until now. In the present study, we initially built a large scale dataset of drug-induced liver injuries (DILIs). Then, 13 types of molecular fingerprints\/descriptors and eight machine learning algorithms were utilized to develop single classifiers for DILI, which resulted in 5416 single classifiers. Next, the NaiveBayes algorithm was adopted to integrate the best single classifier of each machine learning algorithm, by which we attempted to build a combined classifier. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the combined classifier were 72.798, 0.732, 0.724, and 0.793, respectively. Compared to several prior studies, the combined classifier provided better performance both in cross validation and external validation. In our prior study, we developed a herb-hepatotoxic ingredient network and a herb-induced liver injury (HILI) dataset based on pre-clinical evidence published in the scientific literature. Herein, by combining that and the combined classifier developed in this work, we proposed the first instance of a computational toxicology to screen the hepatotoxic ingredients in TCMs. Then Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PmT) was used as a case to investigate the reliability of the approach proposed. Consequently, a total of 25 ingredients in PmT were identified as hepatotoxicants. The results were highly consistent with records in the literature, indicating that our computational toxicology approach is reliable and effective for the screening of hepatotoxic ingredients in Pmt. The combined classifier developed in this work can be used to assess the hepatotoxic risk of both natural compounds and synthetic drugs. The computational toxicology approach presented in this work will assist with screening the hepatotoxic ingredients in TCMs, which will further lay the foundation for exploring the hepatotoxic mechanisms of TCMs. In addition, the method proposed in this work can be applied to research focused on other adverse effects of TCMs\/synthetic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T10:05:12Z","timestamp":1570442712000},"page":"577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Computational Toxicology Approach to Screen the Hepatotoxic Ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicines: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb as a Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shuaibing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health 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Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guibo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficacy 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