{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:51:16Z","timestamp":1790394676952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM104932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM104932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxicity, and antiprotozoal activities of the Algerian plant Cytisus villosus Pourr. (Syn. Cytisus triflorus L\u2019H\u00e9rit.). Additionally, the radioligand displacement affinity on opioid and cannabinoid receptors was assessed for the extracts and isolated pure compounds. The hydro alcoholic extract of the aerial part of C. villosus was partitioned with chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The phenolic content of the C. villosus extracts was evaluated using a modified Folin\u2013Ciocalteau method. The total flavonoid content was measured spectrometrically using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The known flavonoids genistein (1), chrysin (2), chrysin-7-O-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside (3), and 2\u2033-O-\u03b1-l-rhamnosylorientin (4) were isolated. The antioxidant activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays. The plant extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity. EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC50 values of 48 and 90 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The isolated pure compounds 1 and 3 showed good inhibition of Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC50 values of 9 and 20 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited lower inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-\u03baB) with IC50 values of 28 and 38 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts and isolated pure compounds have been shown to exhibit low affinity for cannabinoid and opioid receptors. Finally, n-BuOH extract was a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei with IC50 value of 7.99 \u00b5g\/mL and IC90 value of 12.61 \u00b5g\/mL. The extracts and isolated compounds showed no antimicrobial, antimalarial nor antileishmanial activities. No cytotoxic effect was observed on cancer cell lines. The results highlight this species as a promising source of anti-inflammatory and antitrypanosomal agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9110732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Biological Activities of Extracts and Isolated Compounds of Cytisus villosus Pourr."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farida","family":"Larit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chimie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Exactes, Universit\u00e9 des Fr\u00e8res Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Route d\u2019Aine El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5064-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Benyahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Synth\u00e8se Organique, Mod\u00e9lisation et Optimisation des Proc\u00e8des (LOMOP), Universit\u00e9 Badji Mokhtar, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, D\u00e9partement de Chimie, 23000 Annaba, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2479","article-title":"Counting on natural products for drug design","volume":"8","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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