{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:50:41Z","timestamp":1790711441720,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main modality to fight against cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and more recently targeted therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy, which play important roles in treating cancer patients. In the last decades, chemotherapy has been well developed. Nonetheless, administration of the drug is not always successful, as limited drug dosage can reach the tumor cells.. In this context, the possibility to use an encapsulated anti-cancer drug may potentially solve the problem. Liposomal cytarabine is a formulation with pronounced effectiveness in lymphomatous meningitis and reduced cardiotoxicity if compared to liposomal anthracyclines. Thus, the future liposomal cytarabine use could be extended to other diseases given its reduction in cytotoxic side effects compared to the free formulation. This review summarizes the chemistry and biology of liposomal cytarabine, with exploration of its clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Liposomal Cytarabine as Cancer Therapy: From Chemistry to Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahare","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-6435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeliha","family":"Selamoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde \u00d6mer Halisdemir University, Campus, 51240 Nigde, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"S. Mileski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Systematic of Plants, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden \u201cJevremovac,\u201d Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3156-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Pezzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"O.U. Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Redaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET. Pz Milani, 4 30010 Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore, VE, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"C. Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Kobarfard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0177-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadegh","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 23871, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3183-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miquel","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile"},{"name":"Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico, UDT, Concepcion 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0892-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, (Deemed To Be University-MHRD), Nirjuli (Itanagar) 791109, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuhin","family":"Subhra Santra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Sharifi-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2018","volume":"68","author":"Siegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Zucca, P., Sharifi-Rad, M., Pezzani, R., Rajabi, S., Setzer, W.N., Varoni, E.M., Iriti, M., Kobarfard, F., and Sharifi-Rad, J. 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