{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:20Z","timestamp":1787027780426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17042063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17042063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trichoderma species are known for their ability to produce lytic enzymes, such as exoglucanases, endoglucanases, chitinases, and proteases, which play important roles in cell wall degradation of phytopathogens. \u03b2-glucanases play crucial roles in the morphogenetic-morphological process during the development and differentiation processes in Trichoderma species, which have \u03b2-glucans as the primary components of their cell walls. Despite the importance of glucanases in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp., only a few functional analysis studies have been conducted on glucanases. In the present study, we used a functional genomics approach to investigate the functional role of the gluc31 gene, which encodes an endo-\u03b2-1,3-glucanase belonging to the GH16 family in Trichoderma harzianum ALL42. We demonstrated that the absence of the gluc31 gene did not affect the in vivo mycoparasitism ability of mutant T. harzianum ALL42; however, gluc31 evidently influenced cell wall organization. Polymer measurements and fluorescence microscopy analyses indicated that the lack of the gluc31 gene induced a compensatory response by increasing the production of chitin and glucan polymers on the cell walls of the mutant hyphae. The mutant strain became more resistant to the fungicide benomyl compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the absence of gluc31 in T. harzianum resulted in the differential expression of other glycosyl hydrolases belonging to the GH16 family, because of functional redundancy among the glucanases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Endo-\u03b2-1,3-glucanase (GH16 Family) from Trichoderma harzianum Participates in Cell Wall Biogenesis but Is Not Essential for Antagonism Against Plant Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0088-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Suriani Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74090-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Graciano de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria ES 29047-105, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Raquel Voltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74090-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphaela Georg","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74090-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Batista","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Jos\u00e9 de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9 S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto CEP 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Stecca Steindorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Biological Sciences Institute, Bras\u00edlia CEP 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Henrique","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. do Caf\u00e9 S\/N, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto CEP 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Nascimento","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4171-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cirano Jos\u00e9","family":"Ulhoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Samambaia, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s 74090-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdirene","family":"Neves Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Campus Henrique Santillo, State University of Goi\u00e1s (UEG), BR 153, Km 98, An\u00e1polis 75000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5833-5839.2001","article-title":"An Antifungal Exo-\u03b1-1,3-Glucanase (AGN13.1) from the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma harzianum","volume":"67","author":"Soler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. 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