{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:31:50Z","timestamp":1792794710985,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Rzeszow","award":["DINMCM 113\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DINMCM 113\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomedicines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Penetrating deep into the cells of the human body in real time has become increasingly possible with the implementation of modern technologies in medicine. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables the effective live imaging of cellular and molecular structures of biological samples (such as cells surfaces, components of biological membranes, cell nuclei, actin networks, proteins, and DNA) and provides three-dimensional surface visualization (in X-, Y-, and Z-planes). Furthermore, the AFM technique enables the study of the mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of cells and cell organelles and the measurements of interaction forces between biomolecules. The technique has found wide application in cancer research. With the use of AFM, it is not only possible to differentiate between healthy and cancerous cells, but also to distinguish between the stages of cancerous conditions. For many years, AFM has been an important tool for the study of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the deposition of peptide amyloid plaques. In recent years, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the application of AFM in the evaluation of connective tissue cell mechanics. This review aims to provide the spectrum of the most important applications of the AFM technique in medicine to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12092012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T08:38:47Z","timestamp":1725352727000},"page":"2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Applying the Atomic Force Microscopy Technique in Medical Sciences\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Krawczyk-Wo\u0142oszyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Roczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"\u017bychowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2012.05.005","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy: A nanoscopic view of microbial cell surfaces","volume":"43","author":"Dorobantu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.09.046","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy of biological membranes","volume":"96","author":"Frederix","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. 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