{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:11:24Z","timestamp":1760058684200,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-23-1-0599","FA9550-23-1-0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-23-1-0599","FA9550-23-1-0156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Airway mucus plays a critical role in respiratory health, with diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) being characterized by mucus that exhibits increased viscosity and altered viscoelasticity. In vitro models that emulate these properties are essential for understanding the impact of CF mucus on airway function and for the development of therapeutic strategies. This study characterizes a mucus mimic composed of xanthan gum and locust bean gum, which is designed to exhibit the rheological properties of CF mucus. Mucus concentrations ranging from 0.07% to 0.3% w\/v were tested to simulate different states of bacterial infection in CF. Key rheological parameters, including yield stress, storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity, were measured using an HR2 rheometer with strain sweep, oscillation frequency, and flow ramp tests. The results show that increasing the concentration enhanced the mimic\u2019s elasticity and yield stress, with values aligning with those reported for CF mucus in pathological states. These findings provide a quantitative framework for tuning the rheological properties of mucus in vitro, allowing for the simulation of CF mucus across a range of concentrations. This mucus mimic is cost-effective, readily cross-linked, and provides a foundation for future studies examining the mechanobiological effects of mucus yield stress on epithelial cell layers, particularly in the context of bacterial infections and airway disease modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10040247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T06:53:46Z","timestamp":1744872826000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishing a Xanthan Gum\u2013Locust Bean Gum Mucus Mimic for Cystic Fibrosis Models: Yield Stress and Viscoelasticity Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rameen","family":"Taherzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2280-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijian","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3127 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S210","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201806-439AW","article-title":"Mucociliary Defense: Emerging Cellular, Molecular, and Animal Models","volume":"15","author":"Benam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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