{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:34:59Z","timestamp":1787027699361,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY23F010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY23F010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ky202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ky202403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"School-level Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou university of Technology","award":["LY23F010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY23F010002"]}]},{"name":"School-level Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou university of Technology","award":["ky202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ky202403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Black-winged Kite Optimization Algorithm (BKA) is likely to experience a sluggish convergence rate when confronted with the optimization of complex multimodal functions. The fundamental algorithm has a tendency to get stuck in local optima, thus rendering it arduous to identify the global optimal solution. When dealing with large-scale data or high-dimensional optimization challenges, the BKA algorithm entails significant computational expenses, which might lead to excessive memory usage or prolonged running durations. In order to enhance the BKA and tackle these problems, a revised Black-winged Kite Optimization Algorithm (TGBKA) that incorporates the Tent chaos mapping and Gaussian mutation strategies is put forward. The algorithm is simulated and analyzed alongside other swarm intelligence algorithms by utilizing the CEC2017 test function set. The optimization outcomes of the test functions and the function convergence curves indicate that the TGBKA demonstrates superior optimization precision, a quicker convergence speed, as well as robust anti-interference and environmental adaptability. It is also contrasted with numerous similar algorithms via simulation experiments in various scene models for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) path planning. In comparison to other algorithms, the TGBKA produces a shorter flight route, a higher convergence speed, and stronger adaptability to complex environments. It is capable of efficiently addressing UAV path planning issues and improving the UAV\u2019s path planning abilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10050310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1747041218000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Path Optimization Strategy for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Improved Black Winged Kite Optimization Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingruo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Department, Shanghai Caoyang Vocational School, Wenzhou 200333, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinggao","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengji","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119495","article-title":"A review of surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms for expensive optimization problems","volume":"217","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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