{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:33:26Z","timestamp":1777577606568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["91648106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91648106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shoulder girdle plays a dominant role in coordinating the natural movements of the upper arm. Inverse kinematics, optimization, and data-driven approaches are usually used to conduct motion retargeting. However, these methods do not consider shoulder girdle movement. When the kinematic structure of human and that of exoskeletons share a similar joint configuration, analytical motion retargeting methods can be used for exoskeletons with shoulder girdle mechanism. This paper proposes a vector-based analytical motion retargeting approach for exoskeletons with shoulder girdle mechanism. The approach maps the vectors of the upper limb segments to the joint space using vector-based methods. Simulation results using four different motion descriptions confirm the method\u2019s accuracy and efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10050312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1747041218000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Vector-Based Motion Retargeting Approach for Exoskeletons with Shoulder Girdle Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3553-0146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8846-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingsong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Guoxing Smartech Co., Ltd., Qingdao 365500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2017.08.013","article-title":"Kinematical and dynamical modeling of a multipurpose upper limbs rehabilitation robot","volume":"49","author":"Mancisidor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Robot.-Comput.-Integr. 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