{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:08:39Z","timestamp":1792598919332,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BioHorizons\u00ae (Birmingham, AL, USA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Achieving the appropriate primary stability for immediate or early loading in areas with low-density bone, such as the posterior maxilla, is challenging. A three-dimensional (3D) stabilization implant design featuring a tapered body with continuous cutting flutes along the length of the external thread form, with a combination of curved and linear geometric surfaces on the thread\u2019s crest, has the capacity to enhance early biomechanical and osseointegration outcomes compared to implants with traditional buttressed thread profiles. Commercially available implants with a buttress thread design (TP), and an experimental implant that incorporated the 3D stabilization trimmed-thread design (TP 3DS) were used in this study. Six osteotomies were surgically created in the ilium of adult sheep (N = 14). Osteotomy sites were randomized to receive either the TP or TP 3DS implant to reduce site bias. Subjects were allowed to heal for either 3 or 12 weeks (N = 7 sheep\/time point), after which samples were collected en bloc (including the implants and surrounding bone) and implants were either subjected to bench-top biomechanical testing (e.g., lateral loading), histological\/histomorphometric analysis, or nanoindentation testing. Both implant designs yielded high insertion torque (ITV \u2265 30 N\u22c5cm) and implant stability quotient (ISQ \u2265 70) values, indicative of high primary stability. Qualitative histomorphological analysis revealed that the TP 3DS group exhibited a continuous bone\u2013implant interface along the threaded region, in contrast to the TP group at the early, 3-week, healing time point. Furthermore, TP 3DS\u2019s cutting flutes along the entire length of the implant permitted the distribution of autologous bone chips within the healing chambers. Histological evaluation at 12 weeks revealed an increase in woven bone containing a greater presence of lacunae within the healing chambers in both groups, consistent with an intramembranous-like healing pattern and absence of bone dieback. The TP 3DS macrogeometry yielded a ~66% increase in average lateral load during pushout testing at baseline (T = 0 weeks, p = 0.036) and significantly higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values at 3 weeks post-implantation (p = 0.006), relative to the traditional TP implant. In a low-density (Type IV) bone model, the TP 3DS implant demonstrated improved performance compared to the conventional TP, as evidenced by an increase in baseline lateral loading capacity and increased BIC during the early stages of osseointegration. These findings indicate that the modified implant configuration of the TP 3DS facilitates more favorable biomechanical integration and may promote more rapid and stable bone anchorage under compromised bone quality conditions. Therefore, such improvements could have important clinical implications for the success and longevity of dental implants placed in regions with low bone density.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10060395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T06:42:48Z","timestamp":1749710568000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of Three-Dimensional Stabilization Thread Design on Biomechanical Fixation and Osseointegration in Type IV Bone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5935-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2739-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasudev Vivekanand","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Castellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80730-000, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Witek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Regenerative Biology Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Martins de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials and Regenerative Biology Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomaterials, Military Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmara T. P.","family":"Bergamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricky","family":"Almada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaire V.","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estevam A.","family":"Bonfante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo G.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418849","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418849","article-title":"Comprehensive Overview of Interface Strategies in Implant Osseointegration","volume":"35","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. 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