{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:18:58Z","timestamp":1768889938232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cactaceae are plants equipped with spines and adapted to extremely arid environments. In particular, Echinocactus grusonii spines are almost cylindrical structures, which may occasionally present an enlargement of their proximal cross sectional area. In this work, the spines of Echinocactus grusonii were explored as a possible source of biomimetic inspiration for the design and the implantation strategies of self-inserting intraneural interfaces. More specifically, the elastic stability of spines was theoretically studied for structures able to puncture the surface of an external object, as well as for structures unable to pierce it. The biomimicry of Echinocactus grusonii spines suggested an improved insertion strategy for self-inserting intraneural interfaces together with structural changes able to increase their elastic stability. The theoretical approach provided in this work was able to predict an increase of the first buckling threshold up to 39% for not puncturing self-inserting neural interfaces, and up to 59% for puncturing ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10110773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:37:52Z","timestamp":1763131072000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomimicry of Echinocactus grusonii Spines as a Source of Inspiration for Design Principles and Implantation Strategies of Self-Inserting Intraneural Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7872-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Nicola","family":"Sergi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libert\u00e0, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3372\/wi.51.51208","article-title":"Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org\u2014A dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family","volume":"51","author":"Korotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Willdenowia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2024.105226","article-title":"What do we know about the demographic modeling of cacti? 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