{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:56:03Z","timestamp":1789181763086,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality General Project","award":["CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1069"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJZD-K202501801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-K202501801"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN202201801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202201801"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN202401802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202401802"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Hechuan District Science and Technology Project","award":["HCKJ-2025-083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HCKJ-2025-083"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Topics of the National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment","award":["SKLIAPE2023013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLIAPE2023013"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau Talent Program Project","award":["20231102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20231102"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing College of Humanities, Science & Technology School-Level Scientific Research Project","award":["CRKZX202410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRKZX202410"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing College of Humanities, Science & Technology School-Level Scientific Research Project","award":["CRKZX202411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRKZX202411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the process of operating subsoiling implements on sloping red soil in Southwest China, the subsoiler tip faces significant challenges due to strong soil adhesion and severe compaction. By employing engineering bionics, integrating bionic geometric structures and surfaces, this study focuses on the subsoiler tip and designs four types of bionic geometric surface structures: bionic convex hull, bionic micro-spike convex hull, bionic scales, and bionic micro-spike scales. Finite element force analysis and discrete element simulation experiments reveal that bionic surfaces and geometric structures exhibit significant advantages in terms of total deformation, equivalent elastic strain, and stress. These structures are less prone to deformation and fracture under loads, demonstrating a stronger bearing capacity. A discrete element simulation analysis indicates interference phenomena among the subsoilers during multi-subsoiler operations. Based on bionic multi-subsoiler implements, optimized designs were developed through discrete element simulations and soil bin tests. The optimized bionic multi-subsoiler implement features a micro-spike convex hull surface, with micro-spike scale surfaces arranged equidistantly along the edge corners of the shovel face: six on each side wing and three in the middle. The optimal operating parameters were a subsoiling speed of 1.25 m\/s, an entry angle of 23.917\u00b0, and an entry depth of 280.167 mm. The relative errors between the simulated and experimental values for the soil looseness and soil disturbance coefficients were 19.7% and 18.1%, respectively. The soil bin test results showed soil looseness and soil disturbance coefficients of 19.5% and 17.6%, respectively. At this point, the resistance reduction and wear resistance performance were optimal. This study proposes a bionic design approach for reducing resistance and enhancing wear resistance during the subsoiling process in the viscous red soil of Southwest China, providing a reference for the design and development of new equipment for working in this soil environment. This study is the first to implement a composite biomimetic surface\u2014combining crayfish-like micro-spike convex hulls and sandfish-like micro-scale scales\u2014on multi-shank subsoiler tips, and to validate it using FEA, DEM, and soil tank testing. Under an optimized configuration and operating conditions, the mean particle disturbance velocity increased from 1.52 m\/s to 2.399 m\/s (+57.8%), and the simulation\/experiment relative errors for the soil loosening and disturbance coefficients were approximately 1.03% and 2.84%, respectively. These results demonstrate an engineering-acceptable trade-off between disturbance efficiency and wear resistance and indicate a clear potential for industrial application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10120793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T09:50:26Z","timestamp":1763718626000},"page":"793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Composite Biomimetic Multi-Subsoiler for Drag Reduction and Wear Resistance Simulation and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics and Information Engineering, Chongqing College of Humanities, Science and Technology, Chongqing 401524, China"},{"name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Innovation Center in Hechuan District, Chongqing 401524, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics and Information Engineering, Chongqing College of Humanities, Science and Technology, Chongqing 401524, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fancheng","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent and Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanjuan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent and Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent and Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Design and Experiment of High Disturbance and Low Resistance Subsoiler for Corn Stalks","volume":"46","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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