{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:15:44Z","timestamp":1785417344498,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UDC\/UVIGO"},{"name":"Defense University Centre at the Spanish Naval Academy","award":["PICUD2025-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICUD2025-03"]}]},{"award":["PICUD2025-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICUD2025-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0596wkf93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomimetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid development of additive manufacturing has enabled the production of personalized biomedical devices, including custom orthoses that must retain their structural integrity under demanding physiological conditions. This study evaluates the performance of 3D-printed polymers\u2014blue and white polylactic acid (PLA), Standard Blue Resin, and an ecological soy-based resin\u2014after exposure to simplified, controlled saline environments related to sweat contact and hygiene-associated conditions. Moisture absorption and Shore A hardness were analyzed as response variables to assess material stability under different experimental conditions. A surface methodology based on a Box\u2013Behnken design was used to quantify the effects of specimen thickness (x1), NaCl concentration (x2), and immersion time (x3) on the selected dependent variables. The results indicate that Standard Blue Resin showed the greatest surface hardness stability, whereas the bio-based materials (PLA and ecological resin) were more susceptible to moisture absorption, particularly in thinner polymeric sheets. The fitted quadratic models provide a predictive framework for optimizing material selection and geometric design in biomimetic wearable devices, supporting the development of orthoses with improved durability, hygiene, and long-term functional performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics11060417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1781503187000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio-Inspired 3D-Printed Polymeric Sheets for Orthoses: Predictive Modeling of Mechanical Integrity and Moisture Absorption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Devesa-Rey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Defense Center at Spanish Naval Academy, University of Vigo, 36920 Mar\u00edn, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ferrol Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4604-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Losada-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Feijoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Leir\u00f3s-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SALBIS Research Group, Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, University of Le\u00f3n, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000351","article-title":"A scoping review of digital fabrication techniques applied to prosthetics and orthotics: Part 1 of 2-Prosthetics","volume":"48","author":"Oldfrey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prosthet. 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